Fungal deterioration of old manuscripts of European paper origin

Oetari, Ariyanti; Natalius, A.; Komalasari, Desy; Susetyo-Salim, Tamara Adriani; Sjamsuridzal, Wellyzar

doi:10.1063/1.5064153

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Among Aspergillus spp., A. fumigatus represented the highest percentage of 55.6%, followed by A. flavus , A. ustus , and A. niger with percentages of 22.2, 11.1, and 11.1%, respectively. Incompatible with the obtained results, Aspergillus spp., followed by Penicillium spp., Eurotium spp., and Sterile hyphae , are the most common fungal strains isolated from European historical manuscripts dated back to the 19th century, with percentages of 45, 35, 5, and 15%, respectively [ 9 ]. Recently, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Induratia spp., and Paecilomyces spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of different fungal strains associated with historical papers is the critical step to exploring how they colonize and degrade substrates because only a few organisms can utilize the majority of the substrates [ 5 ]. According to the published literature, the most commonly found fungal strains associated with paper damage and biodeterioration were Aspergillus niger , A. flavus , A. terreus , A. ochraceous , A. carbonarius , A. fischeri , A. fumigatus , A. tamarii , Eurotium chevalieri , Cladosporium cladosporioides , Fusarium poae , Wallemia sebi , Penicillium notatum , P. oxalicum , P. rubrum , and Aletrnaria alternata [ 8 , 9 ]. Researchers have used various treatment protocols to control fungal deterioration, such as chemical compounds, volatile oils, ozones, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

Abdel-Nasser¹,

Abdel-Maksoud

Eid

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Herein, twelve fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript dated back to the 18th century. The obtained fungal strains were identified, using the traditional method and ITS sequence analysis, as Cladosporium herbarum (two strains), Aspergillus fumigatus (five strains), A. ustus (one strain), A. flavus (two strains), A. niger (one strain), and Penicillium chrysogenum (one strain). The ability of these fungal strains to degrade the main components of the paper was investigated by their activity to secrete extracellular enzymes including cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase. The cell-free filtrate (CFF) ability of the probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 to inhibit fungal growth was investigated. The metabolic profile of CFF was detected by GC-MS analysis, which confirmed the low and high molecular weight of various active chemical compounds. The safe dose to be used for the biocontrol of fungal growth was selected by investigating the biocompatibility of CFF and two normal cell lines, Wi38 (normal lung tissue) and HFB4 (normal human skin melanocyte). Data showed that the CFF has a cytotoxic effect against the two normal cell lines at high concentrations, with IC50 values of 525.2 ± 9.8 and 329.1 ± 4.2 µg mL−1 for Wi38 and HFB4, respectively. The antifungal activity showed that the CFF has promising activity against all fungal strains in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest antifungal activity (100%) was recorded for a concentration of 300 µg mL−1 with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) in the ranges of 21.3 ± 0.6 to 17.7 ± 0.5 mm. At a concentration of 100 µg mL−1, the activity of CFF remained effective against all fungal strains (100%), but its effectiveness decreased to only inhibit the growth of eight strains (66%) out of the total at 50 µg mL−1. In general, probiotic bacterial strains containing CFF are safe and can be considered as a potential option for inhibiting the growth of various fungal strains. It is recommended that they be used in the preservation of degraded historical papers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

Abdel-Nasser¹,

Abdel-Maksoud

Eid

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On the other hand, P. expansum and P. citrinum were equal in their percentages. In a similar study, 20 fungal strains isolated from deteriorated papers of European origin were identified using cultural and microscopic examination as Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Eurotium spp., and mycelia sterile hyphae (their structures are not distinguished) with percentages of 45, 35, 5, and 15%, respectively [17]. Also, traditional identification methods were used to identify the fungal strains associated with historical leather bookbinding and papers [36].…”

Section: Fungal Isolation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most significant causes of degradation in library and archive collections is the biodeterioration of bookbinding made of vegetable-tanned leather by fungi, which are among the most harmful species [14,15]. The materials are deeply penetrated by the fungal hyphal networks, which causes significant loss from acid corrosion, enzymatic degradation, and mechanical attack [16,17]. The most common fungi that were associated with the deterioration manuscript and contributed to the biodeteriorations, according to previously published research, were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. ochraceous, A. carbonarius, A. fischeri, A. fumigatus, A. tamarii, Eurotium chevalieri, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium poae, Wallemia sebi, Penicillium notatum, P. oxalicum, P. rubrum, and Aletrnaria alternate [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript

Fouda

Abdel-Nasser²,

Eid

et al. 2023

Biology

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The main hypothesis of the present research is investigating the efficacy of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) to prevent the growth of fungal strains when applied on leather under an experimental study. Therefore, fifteen fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript (papers and leathers) and identified by traditional methods and ITS sequence analysis, including Aspergillus chevalieri (one isolate), A. nidulans (two strains), A. flavus (four strains), A. cristatus (one strain), A. niger (one strain), Paecilomyces fulvus (two strains), Penicillium expansum (two strains), and P. citrinum (two strains). The enzymes cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and gelatinase, which play a crucial role in biodegradation, were highly active in these fungal strains. TiO2-NPs were formed using the cell-free filtrate of the probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum, and characterized. Data showed that the TiO2-NPs were successfully formed with a spherical shape and anatase phase with sizes of 2–8 nm. Moreover, the EDX analysis revealed that the Ti and O ions occupied the main component with weight percentages of 41.66 and 31.76%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TiO2-NPs toward two normal cell lines, WI38 and HFB4, showed a low toxicity effect against normal cells (IC50 = 114.1 ± 8.1µg mL–1 for Wi38, and 237.5 ± 3.5µg mL–1 for HFB4). Therefore, concentrations of 100 μg mL–1 were used to load on prepared leather samples before inoculation with fungal strain P. expansum AL1. The experimental study revealed that the loaded TiO2-NPs have the efficacy to inhibit fungal growth with percentages of 73.2 ± 2.5%, 84.2 ± 1.8%, and 88.8 ± 0.6% after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Also, the analyses including SEM, FTIR-ART, color change, and mechanical properties for leather inoculated with fungal strain AL1 in the absence of NPs showed high damage aspects compared to those inoculated with fungal strains in the presence of TiO2-NPs.

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“…with percentages of 35%, Eurotium sp. with a percent of 5%, and Mycelia sterilia (does not form a distinguishing structure to identify the genus level) with percentages of 15% 44 . On the other hand, the fungal strains isolated from a historical manuscript dated back to the 17 th century were identified using traditional methods such as A. niger and A. flavus associated with historical papers, and A. niger, A. terreus, and A. flavus associated with leather bookbinding 45 .…”

Section: Fungal Isolations and Identificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigate the role of fungal communities associated with a historical manuscript from the 17th century in biodegradation

Fouda

Abdel-Nasser²,

Khalil

et al. 2022

npj Mater Degrad

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Herein, the deteriorating aspects of a historical manuscript (papers and leather bookbinding) dated back to the 17th century were evaluated with reference to the role of the associated fungal communities. The deterioration signs were investigated using visual assessment, SEM, ATR-FTIR, XRD, color changes, and pH values compared with control. Data showed that the most deterioration aspects were represented by the dust, dirt, erosion, stains, bores, weakness, missed parts, decreasing in paper crystallinity, shifting of wavenumbers of cellulosic band, and changing of color and pH. The dependent-culturable technique showed that thirteen fungal strains were associated with historical manuscript and identified using traditional and molecular methods as Aspergillus niger (three isolates), A. fumigatus (two isolates), A. quadrilineatus (three isolates), Penicillium citrinum (two isolates), and P. chrysogenium (three isolates). These fungal strains showed high efficacy to secretion various hydrolytic enzymes including cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase which play a critical role in biodeterioration.

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Fungal deterioration of old manuscripts of European paper origin

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript

Investigate the role of fungal communities associated with a historical manuscript from the 17th century in biodegradation

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