Fungal Communities Including Plant Pathogens in Near Surface Air Are Similar across Northwestern Europe

Nicolaisen, Mogens; West, Jonathan; Sapkota, Rumakanta; Canning, Gail; Schoen, C.D.; Justesen, Annemarie Fejer

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01729

Cited by 60 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…S3), with the fungal community usually less diverse in the middle of the summer (July) than at the beginning (end of spring) and the end (beginning of autumn) of the growing season. The temporal heterogeneity in the fungal communities was also observed by Nicolaisen et al ( 56 ) in northwestern Europe and was often attributed to nutritional demands and survival strategies. Surrounding vegetation is particularly important for the life cycles of some plant-pathogenic fungi that are associated with particular crop or plant growth stages ( 57 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Assessing Performance of Spore Samplers in Monitoring Aeromycobiota and Fungal Plant Pathogen Diversity in Canada

Chen

Hambleton

Seifert

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Spore samplers are widely used in pathogen surveillance but not so much for monitoring the composition of aeromycobiota. In Canada, a nationwide spore-sampling network (AeroNet) was established as a pilot project to assess fungal community composition in air and rain samples collected using three different spore samplers in the summers of 2010 and 2011. Metabarcodes of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were exhaustively characterized for three of the network sites, in British Columbia (BC), Québec (QC), and Prince Edward Island (PEI), to compare performance of the samplers. Sampler type accounted for ca. 20% of the total explainable variance in aeromycobiota compositional heterogeneity, with air samplers recovering more Ascomycota and rain samplers recovering more Basidiomycota. Spore samplers showed different abilities to collect 27 fungal genera that are plant pathogens. For instance, Cladosporium spp., Drechslera spp., and Entyloma spp. were collected mainly by air samplers, while Fusarium spp., Microdochium spp., and Ustilago spp. were recovered more frequently with rain samplers. The diversity and abundance of some fungi were significantly affected by sampling location and time (e.g., Alternaria and Bipolaris) and weather conditions (e.g., Mycocentrospora and Leptosphaeria), and depended on using ITS1 or ITS2 as the barcoding region (e.g., Epicoccum and Botrytis). The observation that Canada's aeromycobiota diversity correlates with cooler, wetter conditions and northward wind requires support from more long-term data sets. Our vision of the AeroNet network, combined with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and well-designed sampling strategies, may contribute significantly to a national biovigilance network for protecting plants of agricultural and economic importance in Canada.IMPORTANCE The current study compared the performance of spore samplers for collecting broad-spectrum air- and rain-borne fungal pathogens using a metabarcoding approach. The results provided a thorough characterization of the aeromycobiota in the coastal regions of Canada in relation to the influence of climatic factors. This study lays the methodological basis to eventually develop knowledge-based guidance on pest surveillance by assisting in the selection of appropriate spore samplers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Assessing Performance of Spore Samplers in Monitoring Aeromycobiota and Fungal Plant Pathogen Diversity in Canada

Chen

Hambleton

Seifert

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This result does not affect the global ratio of BMC/AMC (e.g., Figure 7) but points out (1) the importance to consider BMC/AMC ratios by season for one given ecosystem and (2) to have a better understanding of the BMC/AMC ratio as a function of environmental considerations as proposed by [15]. In 2017, [72] showed similar and finer results regarding the seasonality of BMC/AMC using DNA analysis in several northern Europe locations and the observations suggested that the biodiversity of fungal spores can be observed after 900 km from an ecosystem to another one with consequences on the variation in the BMC/AMC ratios. BMC/AMC ratios by season for one given ecosystem and (2) to have a better understanding of the BMC/AMC ratio as a function of environmental considerations as proposed by [15].…”

Section: Seasonality Of Bmc and Amcmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…BMC/AMC ratios by season for one given ecosystem and (2) to have a better understanding of the BMC/AMC ratio as a function of environmental considerations as proposed by [15]. In 2017, [72] showed similar and finer results regarding the seasonality of BMC/AMC using DNA analysis in several northern Europe locations and the observations suggested that the biodiversity of fungal spores can be observed after 900 km from an ecosystem to another one with consequences on the variation in the BMC/AMC ratios. In the literature it has been found that emissions of fungal spores from the oceans (10 Mg per year) are several orders of magnitude smaller than from inland surfaces Tg per year) [18,19].…”

Section: Seasonality Of Bmc and Amcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and Geographical Origin of Five Years Airborne Fungal Spore Concentrations Measured at Saclay, France from 2014 to 2018

et al. 2019

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Airborne fungal spores (AFS) represent the major fraction of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), and they are studied worldwide largely due to their important role within the Earth system. They have an impact on climate and human health, and they contribute to the propagation of diseases. As their presence in the air depends largely on studied ecosystems, a spore trap was used to monitor their atmospheric concentrations from 2014 to December 2018 in Saclay, a suburban area in the megacity of Paris. The main objective of this work was: (1) to understand the atmospheric variability of AFS in relation to different variables such as meteorological factors, agricultural practice, and (2) to identify their geographical origin by using a source receptor model. During our period of observation, 30 taxa have been identified under a light microscope. In order of importance, Ascospores, Cladosporium, Basidiospores, Tilletiopsis, Alternaria were found to be the most abundant types respectively (50.8%, 33.6%, 7.6%, 1.8%, and 1.3%) accounting for 95% of the atmospheric concentrations. We observed a general decrease associated with a strong interannual variability. A bimodal seasonal cycle was identified with a first maximum in July and a second in October. The main parameters driving the atmospheric concentration are temperature and precipitation. The daily variability is strongly activated by successive periods of hot weather and rainfall, multiplying the concentration by a factor of 1000 in less than 12 hours. Results from the source receptor model ZeFir point out unambiguous different origins of AFS due to specific sources impacting the observation site. Our study also indicated that a hydrological stress has a direct effect on the daily concentrations. This last point should be taken into account for every stressed ecosystem studied in a global warming context. This is particularly important for Mediterranean areas where water is a key control of the growth and dispersion of fungal spores.

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“…Work is currently in progress to improve the taxonomic resolution of these tools to genus or species level. Whilst there appears to be little literature about the use of metabarcoding for plant pathology but it has been used to analyse fungal pathogens of olive (Abdelfattah et al 2015) to track a range of pathogens in air samples (Nicolaisen et al 2017), bacteria in vineyards (Burns et al 2015), and plant pathogenic nematodes (Ahmed et al 2015).…”

Section: Early Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of high throughput sequencing on plant health diagnostics

et al. 2018

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High throughput sequencing informed diagnostics is revolutionising plant pathology. The application of this technology is most advanced in plant virology, where it is already becoming a front-line diagnostic tool and it is envisaged that for other types of pathogen and pests this will be the case in the near future. However, there are implications to deploying this technology due to a number of technical and scientific challenges. Firstly, interpretation of data and the assessment of plant health risk against a limited baseline of existing knowledge of the presence of pathogens in a given geographic region. Secondly, evidence of causality and the separation of pathogenic from commensal organisms in the sequence data, thirdly, the tension between the generation of a rapid sequence result with the necessary but laborious epidemiological characterisation in support of plant health risk assessment. Finally, the validation and accreditation of methods based on this rapidly evolving technology. These in turn present challenges for plant health policy and regulation. This review discusses the development of this technology, its application in plant health diagnostics, and explores the implications of applying this technology in the plant health setting.

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Fungal Communities Including Plant Pathogens in Near Surface Air Are Similar across Northwestern Europe

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

Assessing Performance of Spore Samplers in Monitoring Aeromycobiota and Fungal Plant Pathogen Diversity in Canada

Assessing Performance of Spore Samplers in Monitoring Aeromycobiota and Fungal Plant Pathogen Diversity in Canada

Variability and Geographical Origin of Five Years Airborne Fungal Spore Concentrations Measured at Saclay, France from 2014 to 2018

The impact of high throughput sequencing on plant health diagnostics

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