Fungal biosurfactants, from nature to biotechnological product: bioprospection, production and potential applications

Silva, André Felipe da; Banat, Ibrahim M.; Giachini, Admir José; Robl, Diogo

doi:10.1007/s00449-021-02597-5

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 331 publications

(459 reference statements)

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“…The conditions for activation and synthesis of these and other lipid metabolism-associated enzymes in tropical strains are expected to differ from those M. antarcticus strains isolated from sub-zero temperatures. Further studies of these and other secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways will reveal how these pathways can be manipulated for industrial purposes [ 77 , 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and diversity of the mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) gene cluster and lipase A and B genes of Moesziomyces antarcticus isolated from terrestrial sites chronically contaminated with crude oil in Trinidad

Ramdass¹,

Rampersad²

2022

BMC Microbiol

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Background Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) belong to the class of glycolipid biosurfactants and are produced by members of the Ustilago and Moesziomyces genera. Production of MELs is regulated by a biosynthetic gene cluster (MEL BGC). Extracellular lipase activity is also associated with MEL production. Most microbial glycolipid-producers are isolated from oil-contaminated environments. MEL-producing yeast that are capable of metabolizing crude oil are understudied, and there is very limited data on indigenous strains from tropical climates. Analysis of the MEL BGC and lipase genes in Trinidad M. antarcticus strains, using a gene-targeted approach, revealed a correlation between their intrinsic capability to degrade crude oil and their adaptation to survive in a chronically polluted terrestrial environment. Results M. antarcticus was isolated from naturally-occurring crude oil seeps and an asphaltic mud volcano in Trinidad; these are habitats that have not been previously reported for this species. Genus identification was confirmed by the large-subunit (LSU) and the small-subunit (SSU) sequence comparisons and species identification was confirmed by ITS sequence comparisons and phylogenetic inference. The essential genes (Emt1, Mac1, Mac2, Mmf1) of the MEL BGC were detected with gene-specific primers. Emt1p, Mac1p and Mmf1p sequence analyses confirmed that the Trinidad strains harboured novel synonymous amino acid (aa) substitutions and structural comparisons revealed different regions of disorder, specifically for the Emt1p sequence. Functionality of each protein sequence was confirmed through motif mining and mutation prediction. Phylogenetic relatedness was inferred for Emt1p, Mac1p and Mmf1p sequences. The Trinidad strains clustered with other M. antarcticus sequences, however, the representative Trinidad M. antarcticus sequences consistently formed a separate, highly supported branch for each protein. Similar phylogenetic placement was indicated for LipA and LipB nucleotide and protein sequences. The Trinidad strains also demonstrated lipolytic activity in culture, with an ability to utilize different carbon sources. Comparative evolution of MEL BGC and LipA gene suggested early and late duplication events, depending on the gene, followed by a number of speciation events within Ustilaginaceae. M. antarcticus and M. aphidis were separated from all other members of Ustilaginaceae and two gene homologues were detected, one for each species. Conclusions Sequence analyses was based on a novel gene-targeted approach to analyze the essential genes of the MEL BGC and LipA and LipB genes of M. antarcticus strains from Trinidad. The findings indicated that these strains accumulated nucleotide mutations to a threshold level that did not affect the function of specific proteins encoded by the MEL BGC and LipA and LipB genes. The biosurfactant and lipase enzymes secreted by these Trinidad M. antarcticus strains facilitated their survival in oil-contaminated terrestrial environments. These findings suggest that the Trinidad strains should be explored as promising candidates for the commercial production of MEL biosurfactants and lipase enzymes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and diversity of the mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) gene cluster and lipase A and B genes of Moesziomyces antarcticus isolated from terrestrial sites chronically contaminated with crude oil in Trinidad

Ramdass¹,

Rampersad²

2022

BMC Microbiol

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“…Leaving aside the basic theories of the phenomenon of Trichoderma fungi involved in biocontrol processes, based mainly on CWDE, the presented results may additionally constitute an important aspect in the discussion explaining the evolutionary purpose of microbial biosurfactants biosynthesis. The considered concepts of biosurfactants role indicate the emulsifying properties and solubility improvement of nutritive compounds in the immediate surroundings, changing environmental parameters, facilitating the attachment of fungal cells to cell walls of other organisms, but also their antibiotic activity to counteract competitors in the environment ( da Silva et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma citrinoviride: Anti-Fungal Biosurfactants Production Characteristics

Piegza

Szura

Łaba

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The mechanism of direct impact of Trichoderma fungi on other organisms is a multilayer process. The level of limiting the growth of other microorganisms is determined by the strain and often by the environment. Confirmation of the presence of extracellular biosurfactants in certain strains of Trichoderma considered as biocontrol agents was regarded as a crucial topic complementing the characterization of their interactive mechanisms. Selected strains of T. citrinoviride were cultured in media stimulating biosurfactant biosynthesis, optionally supplemented with lytic enzyme inducers. Results confirmed the anti-fungal properties of surface-active compounds in the tested culture fluids. Preparations that displayed high fungal growth inhibition presented marginal enzymatic activities of both chitinases and laminarinases, implying the inhibitory role of biosurfactants. Fractions from the foam of the culture fluid of the C1 strain, cultured on Saunders medium, and HL strain on MGP medium, without an additional carbon source, exhibited the most prominent ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. Filamentous fungi capable of producing fungicidal compounds, including surfactants, may find applications in protecting the plants against agri-food pathogenic molds.

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“…The hydrophilic portion of a microbial biosurfactant can be composed of a carbohydrate, amino acid, cyclic peptide, phosphate, carboxylic acid, or alcohol, while the hydrophobic portion can be composed of long-chain fatty acids or hydroxylated fatty acids. A variety of microorganisms, including bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), yeasts (e.g., Candida lipolytica , Candida bombicola ) and filamentous fungi (e.g., Phoma herbarum ), can effectively produce biosurfactants with different molecular structures and surface activities [ 35 , 36 , 67 ].…”

Section: Soaps Vs Syndets: Similarities and Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Cleansing without or with Compromise: Soaps and Syndets

Mijaljica¹,

Spada²,

Harrison³

2022

Molecules

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Products designed to cleanse the skin commonly do so through surfactant action, which leads to the lowering of the surface tension of the skin to facilitate the removal of dirt from its surface. Skin cleansers generally come in one of two types: soap-based and synthetic detergents, or syndets. While the latter can effectively maintain the native skin structure, function and integrity, the former tends to negatively affect the skin by causing barrier disruption, lipid dissolution and pH alteration. Despite this, soap is still often preferred, possibly due to the negative connotations around anything that is not perceived as ‘natural’. It is, therefore, important that the science behind cleansers, especially those designed for the maintenance of healthy skin and the management of common skin conditions such as eczema, be understood by both formulators and end-users. Here, we carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of surfactant—the key ingredient(s) in skin cleansers—and provide insight into surfactants’ physicochemical properties, biological activity and potential effects. Fine-tuning of the complex characteristics of surfactants can successfully lead to an ‘optimal’ skin cleanser that can simultaneously be milder in nature, highly effective and beneficial, and offer minimal skin interference and environmental impact.

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Fungal biosurfactants, from nature to biotechnological product: bioprospection, production and potential applications

Cited by 56 publications

References 331 publications

Detection and diversity of the mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) gene cluster and lipase A and B genes of Moesziomyces antarcticus isolated from terrestrial sites chronically contaminated with crude oil in Trinidad

Detection and diversity of the mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) gene cluster and lipase A and B genes of Moesziomyces antarcticus isolated from terrestrial sites chronically contaminated with crude oil in Trinidad

Trichoderma citrinoviride: Anti-Fungal Biosurfactants Production Characteristics

Skin Cleansing without or with Compromise: Soaps and Syndets

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