Fungal Antibiosis in Biocontrol of Plant Disease

Pietro, Antonio Di

doi:10.1021/bk-1995-0582.ch020

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…and plant parasitic nematodes (Siddiqui, Ehteshami-Haque & Ghaffer, 1999). Trichoderma species are known to produce secondary metabolites that act on the soil borne pathogens through parasitism and/or antibiosis (Belanger, Dufour, Caron & Benhamou, 1995;Di Pietro, 1995Cotes, Lepoivre & Semal, 1996. Waafa, Haaga and Amin (2001) also reported a reduction in fungal -nematode disease complex and an increase in plant growth parameters with the application of T. harzianum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Management of Fusarium Wilt-Root Knot Nematode Complex on Tomato in Central Highlands of Kenya

Wanjohi¹,

Wafula²,

Macharia³

2018

SAR

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Tomato plays a critical role in meeting nutritional food requirements, generating income and creating employment for both the rural and urban populations in Kenya. However, its production is threatened by the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp), Fusarium wilt-root-knot nematode complex and Tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) among others. Yield losses of 80-100% in some instances, have been reported due to the Fusarium wilt -root knot nematode complex. Field experiments were set up in two sites (Kagio and Mwea) in Kirinyaga County in Central highlands of Kenya to evaluate the effectiveness of various Integrated Pest Management (IPM) packages for the management of fusarium wilt-root knot nematode disease complex in tomatoes. The trials were established in two seasons, the long rains (March -July 2016) and the short rains (September 2016-January 2017). The IPM packages tested were NatuGro system (a combination of soil improvers, plant biostimulants and Trichoderma harzianum T22), a fungicide (carbendazim), Nemix (Bacillus sp. based biocontrol agent) and bionematicide (Paecilomyces lilacinus T251) applied either singly or in combination. Root knot nematode (RKN) gall index, as a measure of nematode disease severity was assessed twice during the experimental period; at flowering and mid fruit stage, while severity of fusarium wilt was assessed using the vascular wilt rating scale of 0-5. Fusarium wilt incidence was evaluated biweekly from 2 weeks after transplanting by visual assessment of wilt symptoms and expressing them as a percentage of total number of plants per plot. Both total and marketable tomato yields were determined at the end of the experimental period (4 months after transplanting). Integrating NatuGro system, Carbendazim and P. lilacinus was most effective in reducing RKN disease severity and damage and improving tomato growth followed by NatuGro system applied singly. Fusarium wilt severity and incidence were low throughout the experimental period and in all the treatments in both experimental sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Management of Fusarium Wilt-Root Knot Nematode Complex on Tomato in Central Highlands of Kenya

Wanjohi¹,

Wafula²,

Macharia³

2018

SAR

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“…Trichoderma species are filamentous fungi which have been found to show potential as biological agents against seed and root rotting pathogens and for managing post harvest diseases (Okigbo and Ikediugwu, 2000). T. harzianum is known to produce extracellular cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases and cellulases which are important features of mycoparasites for the colonization of their host fungi (Lorito et al, 1994;Di Pietro, 1995). Chet and Baker (1980) observed that soils that are naturally suppressible to R. solani contained a high A. niger T. harzianum B. cereus B. subtilis natural population of T. harzianum, while Strashnov et al (1985) reported that application of T. harzianum by coating tomato fruits reduced R. solani fruit rot by up to 85% under laboratory condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro inhibition of growth of some seedling blight inducing pathogens by compost-inhabiting microbes

Muhammad¹,

Amusa²

2003

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Compost-inhabiting bacteria were studied for their effect on seedling blight inducing pathogens. Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were the microbes found associated with cow dung, sawdust and rice husk composted soils. Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum and Macrophomina phaseolina were isolated from blighted seedlings of Cowpea, while S. rolfsii, P. aphanidermatum, Helminthosporium maydis and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from blighted maize seedlings. When these compost-inhabiting microbes were paired with the seedling blight inducing pathogens, T. harzianum grew on the mycelia of all the test fungal pathogens. B. cereus reduced the mycelia growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, F. oxysporum, P. aphanidermatum, H. maydis and R. solani, with inhibitory zones ranging from 35.5% to 53.3%. B. subtilis in culture also inhibited the mycelia growth of all tested pathogenic fungi with inhibitory zones of between 40.0% to 57.8%. The inhibitory activities of the compost-inhabiting microbes might partly be responsible for the efficacy of compost in reducing seedling blight diseases of crops.

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“…Several species of Trichoderma have been reported to suppress soil borne disease fungi included Fusarium and parasitic nematodes (Siddiqui et al, 1999). Trichoderma species are known to produce other secondary metabolites such as enzymes (Di Pietro, 1995). These enzymes in biocontrol can often assigned in both mechanism parasitism and antibiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Trichoderma Species on Control of Fusarium-rot, Root Knot and Reniform Nematodes Disease Complex on Sunflower

Haggag¹,

Amin²

2001

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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The effect of Trichoderma species in control of root-rot fungus, Fusarium solani, root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica or reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis disease complex and on growth of sunflower plant was studied under greenhouse conditions. Treating two weeks old sunflower seedlings cv. Giza 1 with Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. reesei or T. hamatum gave highly significant effect in control of fusarium-rot disease incidence and nematodes infection on sunflower roots. Infection of F. solani was highly increased in M. javanica infested soil than R. reniformis. Treatments of. Trichoderma species led to decrease Fusarium cfu counts in soil infested with either M. javanica or R. reniformis and also significantly improved the plant growth parameters. T. hamatum, T. harzianum and T. koningii gave the greatest reduction in disease incidence caused by Fusarium, M. javanica or R. reniformis infestation. Generally, there was highly significant reduction (p<0.01) in the number of fusarium-wilt disease and nematode population and increases in plant growth parameter of sunflower when treated with Trichoderma species.

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Fungal Antibiosis in Biocontrol of Plant Disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Integrated Management of Fusarium Wilt-Root Knot Nematode Complex on Tomato in Central Highlands of Kenya

Integrated Management of Fusarium Wilt-Root Knot Nematode Complex on Tomato in Central Highlands of Kenya

In-vitro inhibition of growth of some seedling blight inducing pathogens by compost-inhabiting microbes

Efficiency of Trichoderma Species on Control of Fusarium-rot, Root Knot and Reniform Nematodes Disease Complex on Sunflower

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