Fungal and Protozoal Infections

Neville, Brad W.; Damm, Douglas D; Allen, Carl M.; Angela, Clara

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55225-7.00006-3

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This is often asymptomatic, but in some cases the principal complaint is a burning sensation of the oral mucosa, particularly the tongue (Figure ). The latter appears to be bright red and sometimes depapillated due to loss of filiform papillae . The appearance of the tongue mimics the manifestations of the tongue in serum B 12 , folate, or ferritin deficiencies.…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Previously known as chronic atrophic candidiasis, this condition is perhaps the most common fungal infection in the denture‐wearing elderly. These lesions can commonly be seen as an erythematous and edematous area in the palatal denture‐bearing mucosa, and less commonly on the mandibular mucosa . The denture stomatitis is usually asymptomatic; however, mild soreness or burning sensations may occur in some cases.…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some patients, the palate can also be affected, resulting in what are called “kissing lesions.” Kissing lesions are the result of direct candidal inoculation to the palate from the lesions in the dorsal tongue. Hence, this often called chronic multifocal candidiasis …”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angular cheilitis is often seen in the older population due to accentuated skin folds, as well as due to reduced occlusal vertical dimension, which results in pooling of saliva and providing optimal growth conditions for Candida . In addition, lip sucking, nutritional deficiencies such as iron, vitamin B and high‐carbohydrate diets are associated with the pathogenesis of angular cheilitis . Angular cheilitis is strongly associated with mixed infections of Candida and Staphylococcus spp …”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa: Types, incidence, predisposing factors, diagnostic algorithms, and management

Bandara

Samaranayake

2019

Periodontology 2000

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| Herpes simplex infections (human herpesvirus 1 and 2) | EpidemiologyChildren between 6 months and 3 years of age are at higher risk to exposure to herpes simplex virus type 1 through direct contact with How to cite this article: Bandara HMHN, Samaranayake LP. Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa: Types, incidence, predisposing factors, diagnostic algorithms, and management.

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Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa: Types, incidence, predisposing factors, diagnostic algorithms, and management

Bandara

Samaranayake

2019

Periodontology 2000

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“…Candida thrives in moist environments and, therefore, cheilocandidiasis occurs as a consequence of continuous applications of petrolatum-based products, chronic lip-licking, or thumb-sucking. These and other factors that promote moist environments can cause pre-existing angular cheilitis to extend into the perioral skin [77].…”

Section: Cheilocandidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity

Vila

Sultan

Montelongo-Jauregui

et al. 2020

JoF

286

241

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Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as “thrush,” is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, Candida albicans, is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host; however, changes in the host microenvironment can promote the transition from one of commensalism to pathogen. This transition is heavily reliant on an impressive repertoire of virulence factors, most notably cell surface adhesins, proteolytic enzymes, morphologic switching, and the development of drug resistance. In the oral cavity, the co-adhesion of C. albicans with bacteria is crucial for its persistence, and a wide range of synergistic interactions with various oral species were described to enhance colonization in the host. As a frequent colonizer of the oral mucosa, the host immune response in the oral cavity is oriented toward a more tolerogenic state and, therefore, local innate immune defenses play a central role in maintaining Candida in its commensal state. Specifically, in addition to preventing Candida adherence to epithelial cells, saliva is enriched with anti-candidal peptides, considered to be part of the host innate immunity. The T helper 17 (Th17)-type adaptive immune response is mainly involved in mucosal host defenses, controlling initial growth of Candida and inhibiting subsequent tissue invasion. Animal models, most notably the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis and the rat model of denture stomatitis, are instrumental in our understanding of Candida virulence factors and the factors leading to host susceptibility to infections. Given the continuing rise in development of resistance to the limited number of traditional antifungal agents, novel therapeutic strategies are directed toward identifying bioactive compounds that target pathogenic mechanisms to prevent C. albicans transition from harmless commensal to pathogen.

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Late Oral Complications Caused by Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Clinical and Laboratory Study

Martinez

Silva²,

Couto³

et al. 2020

JOMR

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Objectives The aim of presented cross-sectional and observational study was to determine the prevalence of late oral complications of patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radiotherapy, by clinical and laboratory analyses. Material and Methods Fifty-five patients, 43 (78.2%) men and 12 (21.8%) women, mean age 60; range 38 to 87 years, who have completed radiotherapy for head and neck cancer for at least 6 months were enrolled. The presence of xerostomia, hyposalivation, oral candidiasis, and type of oral yeasts were correlated with post-radiotherapy period. A control group, age and gender matched, was used for comparisons. The Pearson’s Chi-square or Fischer’s exact test was used at a significance level of 5%. Results The mean post-radiotherapy period was 32 months. The oral complications found were xerostomia (45/55, [81.8%]), hyposalivation (44/55 [80%]) and oral candidiasis (15/55 [27.2%]). Xerostomia and hyposalivation was statistically higher in the study group when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The presence of yeast occurred in 39 (70.9%) of the patients in the study group, and Candida albicans was the most prevalent etiological agent in 25 (64.1%) of those patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions Xerostomia and hyposalivation were the more prevalent late oral complications related to radiotherapy. Oral candidiasis was also observed, although its prevalence was lower. The need for long-term dental follow-up of patients who underwent radiotherapy of the head and neck cancer is mandatory.

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Fungal and Protozoal Infections

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa: Types, incidence, predisposing factors, diagnostic algorithms, and management

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa: Types, incidence, predisposing factors, diagnostic algorithms, and management

Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity

Late Oral Complications Caused by Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Clinical and Laboratory Study

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