Fungal and other spore counts as predictors of admissions for asthma in the Trent region

Newson, Roger; Strachan, David P.; Corden, Julie M.; Millington, Wendy M.

doi:10.1136/oem.57.11.786

Cited by 74 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The atmospheric concentrations reported for DDS in the size range of 2-10 µm are mostly on the order of 10 3 -10 4 m −3 , i.e. comparable to the average concentrations of ABS and AAS (Gregory and Hirst, 1957;Gregory and Sreeramulu, 1958;Adams et al, 1968;Chatterjee and Hargreave, 1974;Kramer and Eversmeyer, 1984;Li and Kendrick, 1995;Newson et al, 2000;Troutt and Levetin, 2001;Levetin, 2004;Wu et al, 2004;Fang et al, 2005;Ho et al, 2005;Zoppas et al, 2006).…”

Section: Wet and Dry Discharged Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also reported that dry discharged fungal spores (DDS) were enhanced during warm, dry weather conditions, whereas actively wet discharged AAS and ABS concentrations tend to be enhanced during humid conditions, such as those at night and in the early morning. Most studies of total fungal spores in continental air around the world have reported concentrations on the order of 10 4 m −3 (Newson et al, 2000;Troutt and Levetin, 2001;Wu et al, 2004;Ho et al, 2005;Zoppas et al, 2006).…”

Section: Wet and Dry Discharged Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species in the biological kingdom of Fungi (Eumycota) can be grouped into the four divisions (phyla) Ascomycota (AM), Basidiomycota (BM), Chytridiomycota (CM), and Zygomycota (ZM) (Webster and Weber, 2007). Most of the fungal species found in the biosphere and atmosphere belong to AM and BM (Gregory and Sreeramulu, 1958;Chatterjee and Hargreave, 1974;Calderon et al, 1995;Decco et al, 1998;Newson et al, 2000;Kendrick, 2001;Troutt and Levetin, 2001;Helbling et al, 2002;Boreson et al, 2004;Hasnain et al, 2004;Fang et al, 2005;Hasnain et al, 2005;Zoppas et al, 2006;Butinar et al, 2007). CM and ZM are less frequently detected in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Fungal Species and Discharge Of Fungal Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blandford, UK (August) (Frankland and Gregory, 1973) ≤4.4 Didymella exitialis Edinburgh, UK (July-October) (Richardson, 1996) 0.03-5.9 Venturia inaequalis Northern Italy (March-April) (Rossi et al, 2003) (Decco et al, 1998) 0-0.25 Smuts Rochester, USA (April-September) (Decco et al, 1998) 0-0.5 various Rochester, USA (April-September) (Decco et al, 1998) 0.1-5.5 various Oklahoma, USA (May) (Troutt and Levetin, 2001) 0.6-1.6 various Oklahoma, USA (September) (Sterling et al, 1999) ≤3 various Oklahoma, USA (May-November) (Levetin, 1990) ≤30 various Harpenden, UK (July-September) Hirst, 1952) 0.3-1000 various Chichester, UK (July) (Gregory and Sreeramulu, 1958) ≤10 various Cardiff, UK (June-October) (Adams et al, 1968) 5.4 various Derby, UK (January-December) (Newson et al, 2000) ≤3 various Bern, Switzerland (June-October) (Helbling et al, 2002) 0.5-6 various Saudi Arabia (January-December) (Hasnain et al, 2005) 0-0.15 Rusts Saudi Arabia (January-December) (Hasnain et al, 2005) 0.5-4 Smuts Saudi Arabia (January-December) (Hasnain et al, 2005) ≤4.6 various Mexico City, Mexico (January-November) (Calderon et al, 1995) 1.3-2.9 various Taiwan (April-September) (Wu et al, 2004) 0.06 Rusts Taiwan (September-April) (Wu et al, 2004) 0.5 Smuts Taiwan (September-April) (Wu et al, 2004) 2.5-24 various Caxias do Sul, Brazil (January-December) (Zoppas et al, 2006) 3.6 Rusts Balbina, Brazil (July) this work 9.2 Smuts Balbina, Brazil (July) this work …”

Section: Didymella Exitialismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gibberella zeae Pennsylvania, USA (April-October) Ayers et al 1975, cited by (Paulitz, 1996 ≤2.5 various Rochester, USA (April-September) (Decco et al, 1998) Venturia inaequalis Southeastern Norway (April-June) (Stensvand et al, 1998) ≤0.6 various Derby, UK (January-December) (Newson et al, 2000) ≤2000…”

Section: Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Biogenic aerosols play important roles in atmospheric chemistry physics, the biosphere, climate, and public health. Here, we show that fungi which actively discharge their spores with liquids into the air, in particular actively wet spore discharging Ascomycota (AAM) and actively wet spore discharging Basidiomycota (ABM), are a major source of primary biogenic aerosol particles and components. We present the first estimates for the global average emission rates of fungal spores.Measurement results and budget calculations based on investigations in Amazonia (Balbina, Brazil, July 2001) indicate that the spores of AAM and ABM may account for a large proportion of coarse particulate matter in tropical rainforest regions during the wet season (0.7-2.3 µg m −3 ). For the particle diameter range of 1-10 µm, the estimated proportions are ∼25% during day-time, ∼45% at night, and ∼35% on average. For the sugar alcohol mannitol, the budget calculations indicate that it is suitable for use as a molecular tracer for actively wet discharged basidiospores (ABS). ABM emissions seem to account for most of the atmospheric abundance of mannitol (10-68 ng m −3 ), and can explain the observed diurnal cycle (higher abundance at night). ABM emissions of hexose carbohydrates might also account for a significant proportion of glucose and fructose in air particulate matter (7-49 ng m −3 ), but the literature-derived ratios are not consistent with the observed diurnal cycle (lower abundance at night). AAM emissions appear to account for a large proportion of potassium in air particulate matter over tropical rainforest regions during the wet season (17-43 ng m −3 ), and they can also explain the observed diurnal cycle (higher abundance at night). The results of our investigations and budget calculations for tropical rainforCorrespondence to: W. Elbert (elbert@mpch-mainz.mpg.de) est aerosols are consistent with measurements performed at other locations.Based on the average abundance of mannitol reported for extratropical continental boundary layer air (∼25 ng m −3 ), we have also calculated a value of ∼17 Tg yr −1 as a first estimate for the global average emission rate of ABS over land surfaces, which is consistent with the typically observed concentrations of ABS (∼10 3 -10 4 m −3 ; ∼0.1-1 µg m −3 ). The global average atmospheric abundance and emission rate of total fungal spores, including wet and dry discharged species, are estimated to be higher by a factor of about three, i.e. ∼1 µg m −3 and ∼50 Tg yr −1 . Comparisons with estimated rates of emission and formation of other major types of organic aerosol (∼47 Tg yr −1 of anthropogenic primary organic aerosol; 12-70 Tg yr −1 of secondary organic aerosol) indicate that emissions from fungi should be taken into account as a significant global source of organic aerosol. The effects of fungal spores and related chemical components might be particularly important in tropical regions, where both physicochemical processes in the atmosphere and biological activity at the Earth's sur...

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Section: Wet and Dry Discharged Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wet and Dry Discharged Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Species and Discharge Of Fungal Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Didymella Exitialismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions

et al. 2007

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Reagentless Microsensor Based on Conducting Poly(3‐aminophenylboronic Acid) for Rapid Detection of Microorganisms in Aerosol

et al. 2017

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We report on microsensor for direct detection of microorganisms in aerosol. Microsensor is based on interdigitated ultramicroelectrodes modified with electropolymerized 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (3‐APBA). Appearance of Penicillium chrysogenum in aerosol as well as further increase of its concentration lead to poly(3‐APBA) conductivity increase found by impedance spectroscopy. According to Raman spectroscopy data, the presence of microorganism affects polymer conductivity similarly to binding of glucose to polymer which results in self‐doping phenomenon. The elaborated detection technique is 100 times faster comparing to agar plate cultivation: it requires less than 20 minutes for analysis. Dynamic range of microsensor includes the upper limit for non‐contaminated air in Russian hygienic standard (500 colony‐forming units per cubic meter). The first reported reagentless detection of Penicillium chrysogenum in aerosol by conductivity increase reveals a prospect for creation of a promising alternative to conventional techniques for detection of microorganisms.

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The Air Spora

West¹,

Lacey²

2006

117

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All Rights Reserved © 2006 SpringerNo part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exeption of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.Printed in the Netherlands.

show abstract

Fungal and other spore counts as predictors of admissions for asthma in the Trent region

Cited by 74 publications

References 30 publications

Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions

Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions

Reagentless Microsensor Based on Conducting Poly(3‐aminophenylboronic Acid) for Rapid Detection of Microorganisms in Aerosol

The Air Spora

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