Fungal and metabolome diversity of the rhizosphere and endosphere of Phragmites australis in an AMD-polluted environment

Abstract

Symbiotic associations with rhizospheric microbial communities coupled with the production of metabolites are key adaptive mechanisms by metallophytes to overcome metal stress. However, little is known about pseudometallophyte Phragmites australis interactions with fungal community despite commonly being applied in wetland phytoremediation of acid mine drainage (AMD). In this study, fungal community diversity and metabolomes production by rhizosphere and root endosphere of P. australis growing under three different AMD pollution gradient were analyzed. Our results highlight the following: 1) Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant phyla, but the diversity and richness of taxa were lower within AMD sites with Penicillium , Candida , Saccharomycetales , Vishniacozyma , Trichoderma , Didymellaceae , and Cladosporium being enriched in the root endosphere and rhizosphere in AMD sites than non-AMD site; 2) non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of 73 metabolomes revealed spatially defined metabolite exudation by distinct root parts (rhizosphere vs endosphere) rather than AMD sites, with significant variability occurring within the rhizosphere correlating to pH, TDS, Fe, Cr, Cu and Zn content changes; 3) canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) confirmed specific rhizospheric fungal taxonomic changes are driven by pH, TDS, heavy metals, and stress-related metabolomes produced. This is the first report that gives a snapshot on the complex endophytic and rhizospheric fungal community structure and metabolites perturbations that may be key in the adaptability and metal phytoremediation by P. australis under AMD environment.

Effects of Oat Varieties and Growing Locations on Seed-Borne Fungal Communities

“…In our study, Ascomycota was a dominant and widespread phylum in all seed-borne fungal communities of different oat seeds. Our results demonstrated the earlier findings on Phragmites australis (Ernst et al, 2003), Elymus nutans (Guo et al, 2020), and Phragmites australis (Kalu et al, 2021), which showed this phylum as a common and dominant phylum. A total of 10 most abundant genera in different oat seeds were Alternaria, Mycosphaerella, Epicoccum, Cladosporium, Pyrenophora, Fusarium, Bipolaris, Guehomyces, Aspergillus, Stemphylium, and Nigrospora, respectively.…”

Microbial Community Diversity Dynamics in Acid Mine Drainage and Acid Mine Drainage-Polluted Soils: Implication on Mining Water Irrigation Agricultural Sustainability

“…Acidea extrema, Acidiella bohemica, Acidiella uranophila, Acidomyces acidophilus, Acidomyces acidothermus, Acidothrix acidophila, Coniochaeta fodinicola, Hortaea acidophila, and Soosiella minima are fungal species has reported to be enriched in acidic habitat (Selbmann et al, 2008;Vázquez-Campos et al, 2014). Most recently, Kalu et al (2021) revealed Ascomycota and Basidiomycota as the dominant phyla in two gold mining sites in Gauteng Province of South Africa using high-throughput sequencing technology. Prasanna et al (2011) also reported the enrichment of AMD with algal communities such as Euglena sp.…”

Microbial Spectra, Physiological Response and Bioremediation Potential of Phragmites australis for Agricultural Production

“…Another noteworthy study is that of Brereton et al (2020) which cataloged the rhizosphere microbiome of Festuca arundinacea, Salix miyabeana and Medicago sativa in contaminated soil. In addition, Kalu et al (2021) investigated the fungal and metabolome diversity of rhizosphere and endosphere of P. australis in an acid minepolluted environment. Furthermore, Mang and Ntushelo (2021) investigated the influence of acid mine water on the diversity and metabolite shift of microbial populations of the common reed.…”