Fungal Aerosol Diversity Over the Northern South China Sea: The Influence of Land and Ocean

Shi, Yuting; Lai, Senchao; Liu, Ye; Gromov, Sergey; Zhang, Yingyi

doi:10.1029/2021jd035213

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Fungal aerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and play an important role in global climate change and human and nonhuman animal health (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus ), and the size distribution and concentration of fungal aerosols are key for infection of the host [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Airborne transmission has also been considered an important mode for the epidemiology of plant fungal disease, in addition to water, insects, and animals, for dispersal of their spores, e.g., in Corynespora cassiicola , Alternaria alternate , and P. graminis f.sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of bioaerosols is a main factor that impacts their ability to reach plant tissues through natural openings and successfully infect host plants [ 21 ]. Previous studies showed that the size distributions of airborne fungi ranged from 0.65 µm to larger than 7 µm [ 39 , 47 ]. In our study, approximately 38% of B. cinerea aerosols were distributed in the 1.1–2.1 μm range, and particle sizes of 4.7–7.0 µm were the least frequent (accounting for 7.6%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simulation Study to Reveal the Epidemiology and Aerosol Transmission Characteristics of Botrytis cinerea in Grape Greenhouses

Yuan,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Most previously studies had considered that plant fungal disease spread widely and quickly by airborne fungi spore. However, little is known about the release dynamics, aerodynamic diameter, and pathogenicity threshold of fungi spore in air of the greenhouse environment. Grape gray mold is caused by Botrytis cinerea; the disease spreads in greenhouses by spores in the air and the spore attaches to the leaf and infects plant through the orifice. In this study, 120 μmol/L propidium monoazide (PMA) were suitable for treatment and quantitation viable spore by quantitative real-time PCR, with a limit detection of 8 spores/mL in spore suspension. In total, 93 strains of B. cinerea with high pathogenicity were isolated and identified from the air samples of grapevines greenhouses by a portable sampler. The particle size of B. cinerea aerosol ranged predominately from 0.65–3.3 μm, accounting for 71.77% of the total amount. The B. cinerea spore aerosols were infective to healthy grape plants, with the lowest concentration that could cause disease being 42 spores/m3. Botrytis cinerea spores collected form six greenhouse in Shandong Province were quantified by PMA-qPCR, with a higher concentration (1182.89 spores/m3) in May and June and a lower concentration in July and August (6.30 spores/m3). This study suggested that spore dispersal in aerosol is an important route for the epidemiology of plant fungal disease, and these data will contribute to the development of new strategies for the effective alleviation and control of plant diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study to Reveal the Epidemiology and Aerosol Transmission Characteristics of Botrytis cinerea in Grape Greenhouses

Yuan,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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“…Soil and leaves were identified as potential natural sources of airborne fungi (Qi et al., 2020). The structure of fungal communities may be influenced during transportation by both terrestrial and oceanic air mass (Shi et al., 2022), for example, Nigrospora and Cladosporium serve as potential indicators of terrestrial fungal aerosols in the South China Sea. Fungal spores play a crucial role as allergenic components in particulate matter from local emission or long‐range transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalable Fungi and Opportunistic Pathogens During Haze and Haze‐Dust Events From Winter to Springtime in One Typical Inland City of Northern China

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Fungal aerosols, as significant biocomponents of inhalable particulate matter, encompass a variety of allergens and pathogens. However, comprehensive knowledge regarding their composition, sources, and opportunistic pathogens present in severe air pollution remains limited. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected from January to March 2018 in a northern Chinese city, during the winter heating and spring sandstorm seasons. The fungal community characteristics within three distinct haze and haze‐dust composite pollution were examined. The concentration of fungal aerosols was found to be significantly higher in dust samples. This was evidenced by a strong positive correlation with Ca2+, temperature, and wind speed (p < 0.05). Human and animal pathogens, such as Candida, were more prevalent in haze samples. Conversely, allergens and plant pathogens, like Alternaria, were found in higher concentration in dust samples. The primary ecological function shifted from being saprophytic to becoming human‐animal pathogenic or plant‐animal pathogenic. This shift was observed from non‐pollution, haze, to haze‐dust composite pollution. The dispersion of fungal aerosols was influenced by factors such as dust events and meteorological conditions, including increased temperature and wind speed. In the spring dust episodes, dust‐related pollutants, such as soil Ca2+ and PM10, accounted for 51.39% of the variation in the fungal community. This research explored the dynamics of fungal communities, potential pathogens, and factors influencing fungal communities in regional air pollution. The insights garnered from this research provide a robust foundation for subsequent human health exposure assessments.

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“…Microorganisms thrive in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments and knowledge of their sources and potential contribution to the global climate budget has received considerable attention (Jaenicke, 2005, Mayol et al, 2017Shi et al, 2022). Notes of airborne transport of microorganisms are dated back to early days of discovering microorganisms (Gregory, 1971;Gorbushina et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Seasonal Trends in Sources and Pathways of Trans-Atlantic Dust Plumes and their Implications for Transport of Microorganisms

Mardi

Hilario

Hanlon

et al. 2023

Preprint

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New information is needed about the potential sources and pathways of trans-Atlantic dust plumes. Such knowledge has important implications for the long-distance transport and survivability of microorganisms. Forward trajectories of trans-Atlantic dust plumes were studied over a 14-year period, between 2008 and 2021 (n =>500,000 trajectories). Two major dust transport patterns emerged from these analyses. First, summer trajectories (June – August) that arrive in the southeastern regions of the United States and the Caribbean basin and travel above the marine boundary layer at an average altitude of 1,600 m. Second, winter trajectories (December – February) that arrive in the Amazon basin and travel within the boundary layer at an average altitude of 660 m. Ambient meteorological conditions such as solar radiation and relative humidity along dust trajectories suggest a more suitable condition for the survivability of microorganisms reaching the Amazon during the winter with a lower mean solar radiation flux of 294 W m-2 and mean relative humidity levels at around 61% as compared to averages of 370 W m-2 solar radiation and 45% relative humidity for summer trajectories intruding the Caribbean basin. Nevertheless, 14% of winter trajectories (4,664 out of 32,352) reaching the Amazon basin face intense precipitation of higher than 30 mm and get potentially removed as compared to 8% of trajectories (2,540 out of 31,826) intruding the Caribbean basin during the summer. Collectively, our results have important implications for the survivability of microorganisms in trans-Atlantic dust plumes and their potential for major incursion events at receptor regions.

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Fungal Aerosol Diversity Over the Northern South China Sea: The Influence of Land and Ocean

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

A Simulation Study to Reveal the Epidemiology and Aerosol Transmission Characteristics of Botrytis cinerea in Grape Greenhouses

A Simulation Study to Reveal the Epidemiology and Aerosol Transmission Characteristics of Botrytis cinerea in Grape Greenhouses

Inhalable Fungi and Opportunistic Pathogens During Haze and Haze‐Dust Events From Winter to Springtime in One Typical Inland City of Northern China

Long-Term Seasonal Trends in Sources and Pathways of Trans-Atlantic Dust Plumes and their Implications for Transport of Microorganisms

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