Fungæmia and Funguria After Oral Administration of Candida Albicans

Krause, Werner; Matheis, H; Wulf, Karin

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)91534-7

Cited by 326 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…This concept of invasion based on organism density has been demonstrated previously by the translocation of Candida from the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of high organism loads. 24,25 Such invasion could easily enhance the propensity to produce systemic inflammation. In critically ill patients, maintenance of normal microbial flora and an intact immune system is rare, as antibiotics and relative immunosuppression (corticosteroids, late sepsis) are common, thus promoting Candida colonization and perhaps infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between Candida species cultured from the respiratory tract and systemic inflammation in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Albert

Perreault

Delisle

et al. 2010

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between Candida species cultured from the respiratory tract and systemic inflammation in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Albert

Perreault

Delisle

et al. 2010

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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“…Nearly half of our NTES patients (40.2%) underwent an upper or lower gastrointestinal tract surgery. Candida is an intestinal commensal colonizer of to 100% of humans 23 and candidiasis is highly correlated with surgery involving the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidainfection and colonization among non-trauma emergency surgery patients

Kourkoumpetis

Manolakaki²,

Velmahos³

et al. 2010

Virulence

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IntroductionCandida is a fungus, which accounts for nearly 96% of all opportunistic mycoses and is the fourth most common bloodstream pathogen in North American and seventh in European hospitals. 1,2 Among critically ill patients, candidiasis is associated with overall severity of illness, increased rate of invasive interventions, use of broadspectrum antibiotics and parenteral nutrition, which are all unavoidable among critically ill patients.3-5 Candidiasis prolongs both intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays and candidemia can increase hospital cost by $40,000 per survivor.6,7 Nonetheless, in a nationwide study the crude mortality of candidemia in the ICU was 47%. Even though candidiasis has been well studied in other critically ill patient groups such as trauma patients as well as in certain high-risk groups, such as patients with neutropenia, bone marrow transplant recipients or HIV-infected individuals, literature examining specific risk factors for candidiasis among non-trauma emergency surgery patients is lacking. This patient Background: candida is a significant pathogen among critically ill patients. however, candidiasis among non-trauma emergency surgery (NTeS) patients has not been previously investigated. herein we describe the incidence of both colonization and infection from candida and risk factors for invasive disease in this population. Results: Of all 289 eligible patients, 63 (21.7%) fulfilled the criteria for candida infection and 110 (38%) were included in the candida colonization group. Interestingly, from the 63 patients with invasive candidiasis, 25 (39.7%) were infected by a non-albicans species. Upon multivariate analyses, ventilator-associated pneumonia (Vap) (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.34; 95%, confidence Interval [cI]: 1,213-4,533, p = 0.0112), bacteremia (OR: 4,778; 95% cI: 1,519-15,029, p = 0.0075) and surgical complications (OR: 3.903; 95% cI: 1,335-11,412, p = 0.0129) were independent risk factors for the development of candida infection. candida infection and colonization were both found to correlate with approximately $40,000-100,000 mean additional costs). Interestingly, candidemia was associated with 63% all-cause mortality. For all other forms of candidiasis, mortality was not significantly different among groups. Methods: For this retrospective single center study we included all NTeS patients with IcU stay ≥4 days from May 1 st , 2002 to april 30 th , 2007. patients were divided into 3 non-overlapping groups: (1) patients with candida-infection, (2) patients with candida colonization and (3) patients with negative candida cultures. Groups were compared by univariate and multivariate analyses to identify significant risk factors for invasive candidiasis. Conclusion: We found that candida infection is alarmingly high among NTeS patients with prolonged intensive care unit (IcU) stay. Surgical complications and bacterial infections (Vap and bacteraemia) were significantly correlated with the development of candidiasis. candidiasis reached a rate of 21.7/100 discharges, which is...

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“…However, it became detectable in the liver and kidneys of mice when they received combination treatments of antibiotics, x-ray irradiation and dexamethasone 3 and 5 days after oral Candida administration. Candida in the GIT is thought to cause systemic infection in two ways; the first is the persorption through the intestinal wall, which usually occurs between 1/2 and 4 hr after oral Candida administration, and the second is the penetrative growth which occurs later (Fisher 1930;Krause et al 1969). Therefore, the present results seem to suggest that the persorption of C. albicans from the GIT is not likely to occur in normal or even in immunologically suppressed mice, but penetrative growth occurs instead.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the infection routes or the mechanism of induction of systemic infection are still not clear. The role of Candida coloniza tion in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as a cause of systemic candidiasis should be examined, as Candida is known to be a normal inhabitant of the human GIT and candidemia caused by persorption from the GIT has been reported in both animals and man (Fisher 1930; Deicke and Gemeinhardt 1968; Krause et al 1969). The present experiment was designed to examine the persorption of Candida albicans (C. albicans) from the GIT in mice and to clarify the mechanism of induction of systemic infection by Candida in the GIT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Candidiasis Produced by Oral <i>Candida</i> Administration in Mice

Umenai

1978

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Fungæmia and Funguria After Oral Administration of Candida Albicans

Cited by 326 publications

References 4 publications

The relationship between Candida species cultured from the respiratory tract and systemic inflammation in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

The relationship between Candida species cultured from the respiratory tract and systemic inflammation in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Candidainfection and colonization among non-trauma emergency surgery patients

Systemic Candidiasis Produced by Oral <i>Candida</i> Administration in Mice

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