Funeral practices and animal sacrifices in Mongolia at the Uigur period: archaeological and ethno-historical study of a<i>kurgan</i>in the Egyin Gol valley (Baikal region)

Crubézy, Éric; Martin, Helene A.; Giscard, Pierre-Henri; Batsaikhan, Z.; Erdenebaatar, S.; Verdier, J. P.; Maureille, Bruno

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00084143

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The low-burial frequency (0.25 burial per year), funerary artifacts and practices (use of coffins and chests, depth of the graves at two-five meters, animal sacrifices, etc. ), and the genetic analysis of human remains suggested that this burial site was used by high-social-status individuals representing only a subset of the whole Xiongnu community (Crubézy et al, 1996;Murail et al, 2000;Keyser-Tracqui et al, 2003). The extent of epiphyseal fusion and spheno-occipital synchondrosis was used to determine the subadult and adult status of all individuals.…”

Section: Materials Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between morphological and genetic data to estimate biological relationship: The case of the Egyin Gol necropolis (Mongolia)

Ricaut

Auriol

Cramon‐Taubadel

et al. 2010

American J Phys Anthropol

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Osseous and dental nonmetric (discrete) traits have long been used to assess population variability and affinity in anthropological and archaeological contexts. However, the full extent to which nonmetric traits can reliably be used as a proxy for genetic data when assessing close or familial relationships is currently poorly understood. This study represents the unique opportunity to directly compare genetic and nonmetric data for the same individuals excavated from the Egyin Gol necropolis, Mongolia. These data were analyzed to consider the general efficacy of nonmetric traits for detecting familial groupings in the absence of available genetic data. The results showed that the Egyin Gol population is quite homogenous both metrically and genetically confirming a previous suggestion that the same people occupied the necropolis throughout the five centuries of its existence. Kinship analysis detected the presence of potential family burials in the necropolis. Moreover, individuals buried in one sector of the necropolis were differentiated from other sectors on the basis of nonmetric data. This separation is likely due to an outside Turkish influence in the paternal line, as indicated by the results of Y-chromosome analysis. Affinity matrices based on nonmetric and genetic data were correlated demonstrating the potential of nonmetric traits for detecting relationships in the absence of genetic data. However, the strengths of the correlations were relatively low, cautioning against the use of nonmetric traits when the resolution of the familial relationships is low.

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Section: Materials Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between morphological and genetic data to estimate biological relationship: The case of the Egyin Gol necropolis (Mongolia)

Ricaut

Auriol

Cramon‐Taubadel

et al. 2010

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…From 1997 to 1999, the burial site was wholly excavated by a French-Mongolian expedition, under the sponsorship of UNESCO, after preliminary boring revealed the excellent preservation of the graves (Crubézy et al 1996). The necropolis comprised a total of 103 graves, among which 84 were excavated by the archaeological mission.…”

Section: Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The associated funeral material was of great interest and allowed us to link the necropolis to the Xiongnu culture (Crubézy et al 1996). Bone samples from 31 specimens scattered across the necropolis were dated by carbon 14 ( 14 C) determinations.…”

Section: Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia

Keyser-Tracqui¹,

Crubézy

Ludes

2003

The American Journal of Human Genetics

171

178

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DNA was extracted from the skeletal remains of 62 specimens excavated from the Egyin Gol necropolis, in northern Mongolia. This burial site is linked to the Xiongnu period and was used from the 3rd century b.c. to the 2nd century a.d. Three types of genetic markers were used to determine the genetic relationships between individuals buried in the Egyin Gol necropolis. Results from analyses of autosomal and Y chromosome short tandem repeats, as well as mitochondrial DNA, showed close relationships between several specimens and provided additional background information on the social organization within the necropolis as well as the funeral practices of the Xiongnu people. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using biparental, paternal, and maternal genetic systems to reconstruct partial genealogies in a protohistoric necropolis.

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“…Presumably the horse was sacrificed by beheading and was then buried. Practicing co-burial of a human and a sacrificed horse has been a common tradition in the central Eurasia from ancient times to even today (Crubézy et al, 1996). However, it is not a funerary practice for Islamic communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible case of Scheuermann's disease from Akarçay Höyük, Birecik (Şanlıurfa, Turkey)

Üstündağ

Devecı

2011

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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During excavations in Akarçay Hö yü k, located in Birecik (Şanlıurfa, Turkey), a human and a horse skeleton were found together as a co-burial. This burial was in an Islamic cemetery dated to 13th-14th century AD. The human skeleton was that of a young adult female with a distinct thoracic kyphosis. Three adjacent thoracic vertebral bodies, T4, T5 and T6, were wedge shaped and this wedging was also apparent in radiographs. There were Schmorl's nodes and anterior extensions on the same vertebral bodies. All these vertebral changes are typical signs of Scheuermann's disease (SD). Since she was buried with a horse, it is likely that she was a horse rider. Although she was young, the skeletal changes associated with horse riding like elongated acetabula and enthesopathies on the femora were evident. There was a compression fracture on T12, and irregularities on the upper and lower vertebral body rims due to traumatic anterior disc herniation. It is postulated that a trauma due to horse riding is responsible for the occurrence of SD in this case.

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Funeral practices and animal sacrifices in Mongolia at the Uigur period: archaeological and ethno-historical study of akurganin the Egyin Gol valley (Baikal region)

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison between morphological and genetic data to estimate biological relationship: The case of the Egyin Gol necropolis (Mongolia)

Comparison between morphological and genetic data to estimate biological relationship: The case of the Egyin Gol necropolis (Mongolia)

Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia

A possible case of Scheuermann's disease from Akarçay Höyük, Birecik (Şanlıurfa, Turkey)

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