Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging

Schmitz-Valckenberg, Steffen; Holz, Frank G.; Bird, Alan C.; Spaide, Richard F.

doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e318164a907

Cited by 476 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…9 The intensity of AF changes depends upon the status of the overlying retina because AF generated by the RPE cells travels through the sensory retina. 12,13 Hyperfluorescence, therefore, may also result from increased transmission due to retinal atrophy or subretinal fluid leading to separation of the outer segments of the photoreceptors from the underlying RPE, causing improper outer segment turnover, intraretinal fluid, and displacement of luteal pigment. 12 Diffuse granular hyperfluorescence was present in four eyes postoperatively that had presented with maculaaffecting retinal detachments (group A; Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-wide-field autofluorescence imaging in non-traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Witmer

Cho

Favarone

et al. 2012

Eye

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Purpose Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) affects the function of the retina before and after surgical repair. We investigated ultra-wide-field autofluorescence (UAF) abnormalities in patients with acute RRD to improve our understanding of the functional changes in the retina before and after surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, we present the UAF imaging findings of 16 patients with acute, non-traumatic RRD. Imaging was obtained with the Optos 200 Tx (Optos) in 14 eyes preoperatively and in 12 eyes postoperatively. Twelve eyes had RRDs that involved the macula (group A), whereas four eyes had macula-sparing RRDs (group B). Results All patients (100%) with bullous retinal detachments demonstrated hypofluorescence over the area of retinal detachment. A hyperfluorescent leading edge (HLE) to the retinal detachment was observed preoperatively in 100% of eyes in group A and 75% of eyes in group B. Preoperative UAF through the fovea of group A eyes was normal (30%), hypofluorescent (50%) or hyperfluorescent (20%). In all patients with a HLE preoperatively, the HLE resolved by the 1-month postoperative visit. A residual line of demarcation remained in 8 of the 12 eyes (67%). In group A eyes, postoperative granular autofluorescent changes were present in four of the nine (44%) eyes, and were associated with worse preoperative (P ¼ 0.04) and postoperative (P ¼ 0.09) visual acuity. Conclusion UAF imaging reveals abnormalities in RRDs that allow excellent demarcation of the extent of the retinal detachment and assist in preoperative characterization of the detachment and postoperative counselling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-wide-field autofluorescence imaging in non-traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Witmer

Cho

Favarone

et al. 2012

Eye

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“…8 Autofluorescence of the RPE is related to the intracellular accumulation of lipofuscin, a byproduct of incomplete photoreceptor outer segment degradation. Lipofuscin accumulation is a hallmark of normal aging in many cells, but may also be a common downstream pathogenic mechanism in a number of retinal degenerative diseases.…”

Section: Fundus Autofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging chorioretinal vascular disease

Keane

Sadda

2009

Eye

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Since its first description more than 40 years ago, fluorescein angiography had a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of chorioretinal vascular disorders such as neovascular agerelated macular degeneration. Although fluorescein angiography permits visualization of the retinal microcirculation in exquisite detail, visualization of the choroidal circulation is more limited. Moreover, fluorescein angiography provides only minimal information regarding the functional consequences of vascular disease and allows, at best, only semi-quantitative assessment of retinal thickness. In recent years, the development of other chorioretinal imaging modalities, such as indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), has addressed many of these issues. In particular, OCT has become an integral tool for vitreoretinal specialists as it allows highresolution cross-sectional images of the neurosensory retina to be obtained in a non-invasive manner. The latest generation of commercial OCT technologyFspectral domain OCTFoffers high-speed scanning that allows complete coverage of the macular area, generation of three-dimensional retinal reconstructions, and precise image registration for inter-visit comparisons. The high speed of spectral domain OCT also facilitates B-scan averaging, which reduces speckle noise artefact and allows unparalleled visualization of the outer retina and choroid. In the near future, further advances in OCT technology (eg Doppler OCT) are likely to dramatically enhance the diagnosis and management of patients with chorioretinal vascular disease.

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“…Because FAF is mainly used to detect lipofuscin in the RPE, 21 the low rate of lacquer crack detection with FAF (12.5%) may be related to a continuous RPE-BM line overlying the lacquer cracks. Cohort studies have shown that cataract is a complication of myopia, 22 and that nuclear-type cataracts may absorb blue light (488 nm), which excites lipofuscin during FAF and the fluorescent signal during FA.…”

Section: Detection Of Lacquer Cracks With Multimodal Retinal Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal imaging including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and confocal near-infrared reflectance for characterization of lacquer cracks in highly myopic eyes

Liu

Lai

et al. 2014

Eye

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Purpose To compare multimodal imaging in detecting lacquer cracks in highly myopic eyes, and to correlate these findings with those of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods An observational case series study. Patients with a refractive error worse than À 8 diopters and lacquer cracks were recruited. The rates of detection of the lacquer cracks using multimodal imaging including near-infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, and fluorescence angiography (FA) were compared. The characteristic findings of multimodal imaging were correlated with those of SD-OCT. Results NIR imaging was more sensitive (92.9%) in detecting lacquer cracks than either FAF (12.5%) or FA (67.9%). Lacquer cracks showed hyperreflectance on NIR, and they were consistently associated with a continuous retinal pigment epitheliumBruch's membrane complex, thinner choroid, and acoustic shadows on SD-OCT. Conclusions NIR imaging is superior to blue laser light (FAF and FA) imaging in detecting lacquer cracks. SD-OCT in combination with NIR located primary pathological lacquer cracks in the intact retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane complex as well as thinner choroid. These findings indicate that multimodal cSLO and SD-OCT imaging allow for detecting of lacquer cracks in highly myopic eyes.

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Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging

Cited by 476 publications

References 106 publications

Ultra-wide-field autofluorescence imaging in non-traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Ultra-wide-field autofluorescence imaging in non-traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Imaging chorioretinal vascular disease

Multimodal imaging including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and confocal near-infrared reflectance for characterization of lacquer cracks in highly myopic eyes

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