Funding Sources for Research and Education Projects, ICT and Science Researchers in Europe and USA

Abstract

Funds are provided in different ways to higher education institutions. They are made possible through private or public actors. Usually they are distributed as a form of tuitions, gifts, grants, research donations, etc. Funds are given for the purpose of empowering and promoting the activities of universities, faculties and their staff. When universities show high performance in teaching, research and innovation, they are considered potential for obtaining funds from the agencies that distribute them. In this paper is discussed about different European and American funding sources for ICT research, education, innovation and researchers. Hereby are giving details about the opportunities that these organizations (agencies) offer specific programs that are dedicated for the above mentioned purposes. Despite of details that are given for each fund and programs, also are given results about the funds and their programs according some indicators that they are presented in the part of results and discussions, these funds are an excellent opportunity for researchers to develop their innovative and research ideas and to realize them through support of specific programs of these funds.

Issues of Implementation of the Fair Trial in the Albanian System: Analysis in the Framework of the Constitutional Court and ECHR's Jurisprudence on Albania's Cases

“…In a series of other cases, the ECHR repeats its position that the right of access to trial that is guaranteed by Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, would fail to be real if the domestic legal system of a Member Country would allow for a final court decision to remain inoperative by damaging one party (Bocari et al v Albania, 2007& Beshiri et al v Albania, 2006. Therefore, the right of access to court not only includes the right to start a process, but also the right to ensure dispute resolution by the court (Ramadhi et al v Albania, 2007).…”

“…The ECHR's jurisprudence on cases of Albania has also affirmed that the Albanian legal system did not provide an effective appeal remedy that could be used to address appeals on the duration of procedures, and the appeals to the CC did not constitute an effective remedy in this regard (Bocari et al v Albania, 2007, Beshiri et al v Albania, 2006, Marini v Albania, 2007& Berhani v. Albania, 2010.…”