Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment and Engineering

Riffat, Rumana; Husnain, Taqsim

doi:10.1201/9781003134374

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The effluents from anaerobic reactors require polishing to further remove residual COD for compliance [3,4]. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are common contaminants found in significant concentrations in domestic sewage and may result in the eutrophication of surface water sources at a certain P to N ratio [5][6][7]. Different studies evaluated and suggested innovative approaches for improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe0-Supported Anaerobic Digestion for Organics and Nutrients Removal from Domestic Sewage

Bakari

Njau

Noubactep

2022

Water

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Results from different research suggest that metallic iron (Fe0) materials enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) systems to remove organics (chemical oxygen demand (COD)), phosphorus and nitrogen from polluted water. However, the available results are difficult to compare because they are derived from different experimental conditions. This research characterises the effects of Fe0 type and dosage in AD systems to simultaneously remove COD and nutrients (orthophosphate (PO43−), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3− Lab-scale reactors containing domestic sewage (DS) were fed with various Fe0 dosages (0 to 30 g/L). Batch AD experiments were operated at 37 ± 0.5 °C for 76 days; the initial pH value was 7.5. Scrap iron (SI) and steel wool (SW) were used as Fe0 sources. Results show that: (i) SW performed better than SI on COD and PO43− removal (ii) optimum dosage for the organics and nutrients removal was 10 g/L SI (iii) (NO3− + NH4+) was the least removed pollutant (iv) maximum observed COD, PO43− and NO3− + NH4+ removal efficiencies were 88.0%, 98.0% and 40.0% for 10 g/L SI, 88.2%, 99.9%, 25.1% for 10 g/L SW, and 68.9%, 7.3% and 0.7% for the reference system. Fe0-supported AD significantly removed the organics and nutrients from DS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe0-Supported Anaerobic Digestion for Organics and Nutrients Removal from Domestic Sewage

Bakari

Njau

Noubactep

2022

Water

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“…Primary treatment involves physical techniques for the removal of suspended solids by sedimentation, screening, and filtration, typically eliminating up to 35% of the BOD and 60% of the suspended solids. [60,[63][64][65] A variety of chemical techniques are also harnessed to precipitate, convert, or destroy contaminants, for example, solids are removed by coagulation and flocculation, pathogens are destroyed by disinfection, and nutrients like phosphorus are eliminated by chemical precipitation. Finally, biological techniques help to remove biodegradable organic matter and non-settleable colloidal solids using microorganisms.…”

Section: Wastewater: Sources Composition and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, biological techniques help to remove biodegradable organic matter and non-settleable colloidal solids using microorganisms. [60,[63][64][65] Secondary treatment using physical and biological methods remove ≈90% of the BOD and 90% of the suspended solids. [60,66] Pollutants that escape removal via the secondary treatment process undergo tertiary treatment typically involving the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, soluble COD, and heavy metals.…”

Section: Wastewater: Sources Composition and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[60,66] Pollutants that escape removal via the secondary treatment process undergo tertiary treatment typically involving the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, soluble COD, and heavy metals. [64,65] In more recent years, nanomaterials have come under intense research and development, and their application in water and wastewater treatment has drawn wider attention. [67,68] In particular, 2D nanomaterials are suitable alternatives for existing water and wastewater purification methods.…”

Section: Wastewater: Sources Composition and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wastewater: Sources Composition and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Functionalized MXenes for Wastewater Treatment—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Over 80% of wastewater worldwide is released into the environment without proper treatment. Whilst environmental pollution continues to intensify due to the increase in the number of polluting industries, conventional techniques employed to clean the environment are poorly effective and are expensive. MXenes are a new class of 2D materials that have received a lot of attention for an extensive range of applications due to their tuneable interlayer spacing and tailorable surface chemistry. Several MXene‐based nanomaterials with remarkable properties have been proposed, synthesized, and used in environmental remediation applications. In this work, a comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art research progress on the promising potential of surface functionalized MXenes as photocatalysts, adsorbents, and membranes for wastewater treatment is presented. The sources, composition, and effects of wastewater on human health and the environment are displayed. Furthermore, the synthesis, surface functionalization, and characterization techniques of merit used in the study of MXenes are discussed, detailing the effects of a range of factors (e.g., PH, temperature, precursor, etc.) on the synthesis, surface functionalization, and performance of the resulting MXenes. Finally, the limits of MXenes and MXene‐based materials as well as their potential future research directions, especially for wastewater treatment applications are highlighted.

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