Fundamentals of Pharmacokinetics to Assess the Correlation Between Plasma Drug Concentrations and Different Blood Sampling Methods

Chen, Wei-Ching; Huang, Pei-Wei; Yang, Wanling; Chen, Yen-Lun; Shih, Ying-Ning; Wang, Hong-Jaan

doi:10.1007/s11095-018-2550-y

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The measure of AUC is affected by several factors, including the blood-sampling site. A comparative study revealed a significant increase in the AUC value for blood samples collected from the carotid artery compared to the caudal vein [164]. The respective sampling sites that presented the highest AUC for CA and FA in pharmacokinetic studies were the carotid artery and the caudal vein [146,158], a fact that, in part, could justify the higher rate of absorption exhibited for CA.…”

Section: Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Oral Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: An Updated Review

Veras

Fachel²,

Araújo³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), coumaric acid (COA) isomers, ferulic acid (FA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are natural phenolic acids with widespread distribution in vegetal foods and well-documented pharmacological activities. However, the low bioavailability of HCAs impairs their administration by the oral route. The present review addresses new findings and important factors/obstacles for their oral administration, which were unexplored in the reviews published a decade ago concerning the bioavailability of phenolic acids. Based on this, the article aims to perform an updated review of the water solubility and gastrointestinal stability of HCAs, as well as describe their oral absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) processes by in vitro, ex vivo, in situ and in vivo methods.

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Section: Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Oral Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: An Updated Review

Veras

Fachel²,

Araújo³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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“…Blood samples were collected via the retro-orbital plexus at times 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 360, 1440, and 2880 min, in heparinized tubes and immediately centrifuged at 13,000 × g for 10 min at 4 °C. The plasma was stored at − 80 °C till further analysis, by HPLC [27]. Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated and analyzed by non-compartmental analysis using the Kinetica™ 2000 software (version 4.4.1 Thermo Electron Corporation, USA).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface optimization of a cardioprotective compound through pharmacosomal drug delivery system: in vivo bioavailability and cardioprotective activity potential

Dawoud

Zaafan

Saleh

et al. 2023

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Vanillic acid (VA) is a phenolic compound with potential antioxidant activity, which improves ischemia-induced myocardial degeneration, by reducing oxidative stress; however, it suffers poor bioavailability owing to its poor solubility. VA-loaded pharmacosomes were optimized using a central composite design, where the effect of phosphatidylcholine:VA molar ratio and the precursor concentration were studied. An optimized formulation (O1) was prepared and tested for the release rate of VA, in vivo bioavailability, and cardioprotective potential on myocardial infarction-induced rats. The optimized formulation showed a particle size of 229.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.29, and zeta potential of − 30 mV. O1 showed a sustained drug release for 48 h. The HPLC–UV method was developed for the determination of VA in plasma samples using protein precipitation. The optimized formulation showed a great improvement in the bioavailability as compared to VA. The residence time of the optimized formula was 3 times longer than VA. The optimized formulation showed a more potent cardioprotective effect as compared to VA, via inhibition of the MAPK pathway with subsequent inhibition of PI3k/NF-κB signaling, in addition to its antioxidant effect. The optimized formulation showed normalization of many oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Thus, a VA-loaded pharmacosome formulation with promising bioavailability and cardioprotective activity potential was prepared. Graphical Abstract

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