Fundamentals of Palaeobotany

Schmid, Rudolf; Chaloner, W. G.; Meyen, Sergei V.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3151-0

Cited by 299 publications

(192 citation statements)

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“…The broad range of habitats encompassed by species of this lineage also suggests and is consistent with high species diversity (Š imů nek 2000,2007,2008); cordaitaleans were found throughout the Pennsylvanian tropical realm and were important in Cathyasian eastern Pangean floras during the Permian (Hilton et al 2009). The group also extended into the high latitudes, particularly in the Permian, and so was of global distribution (Meyen 1987;Césari and Hü nicken 2013).…”

Section: Wetland Floral Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

DiMichele¹

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

152

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Premise of research. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age was the last extensive pre-Pleistocene ice age. It includes many climate changes of different intensities, permitting examination of many and varied biotic responses. The tropical Pennsylvanian Subperiod, usually visualized as one vast wetland coal forest, in fact also was dominated, periodically, by seasonally dry vegetation that, in turn, covered most of the central and western Pangean supercontinent. Equatorial wetland and dryland biomes oscillated during single glacial-interglacial cycles. This recognition changes understanding of the Coal Age tropics; examination of their spatiotemporal patterns indicates that these vegetation types responded differently to global environmental disturbances and long-term trends and points to potentially different underlying controls on evolutionary histories of their component lineages.Methodology. This study is based on the published literature and on examination of geological exposures and fossil floras, mainly from North America but also from other parts of the world.Pivotal results. Wetlands and seasonally dry habitats were equally part of the Coal Age Pangean tropics. They dominated these landscapes at different times, under different climatic regimes. Wetland vegetation was likely forced into refugia during seasonally dry (subhumid to semiarid) parts of glacial-interglacial cycles; it reemerged/reassembled during wet (humid to perhumid) periods. Seasonally dry vegetation resided permanently in areas of western and central Pangea and in microhabitats within the Central Pangean Mountains. Both floras had lower biodiversity than modern floras in similar habitats. The wetland flora species pool was more phylogenetically disparate than any modern vegetation. In contrast, seasonally dry floras were dominated by seed plants. These biomes responded differently to acute environmental changes and chronic long-term aridification.Conclusions. From ecological or evolutionary perspectives, the present-day world is but one possibility. Lower-diversity worlds such as the late Paleozoic, with a rich spectrum of environmental variations, offer insights into relationships between organisms and environments that expand understanding of these phenomena and enlarge our sense of what is possible or probable as we look to the future.

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Section: Wetland Floral Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

DiMichele¹

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

152

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“…Late Permian floras show pronounced provincialism (Meyen, 1987;Utting and Piasecki, 1995). The southern high latitude Gondwanan flora was matched by the northern high latitude (moist, cool temperate) Angaran flora, which was dominated by cordaitaleans and peltasperms.…”

Section: Permian-triassic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction and recovery patterns of the vegetation across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary — a tool for unravelling the causes of the end-Permian mass-extinction

Vajda

McLoughlin

2007

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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High-resolution palynofloral signatures through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary succession show several features in common with the Permian-Triassic transition but there are also important differences. Southern Hemisphere CretaceousPalaeogene successions, to date studied at high resolution only in New Zealand, reveal a diverse palynoflora abruptly replaced by fungi-dominated assemblages that are in turn succeeded by low diversity suites dominated by fern spores, then gymnosperm-and angiosperm-dominated palynofloras of equivalent diversity to those of the Late Cretaceous. This palynofloral signature is interpreted to represent instantaneous (days to months) destruction of diverse forest communities associated with the Chicxulub impact event. The pattern of palynofloral change suggests wholesale collapse of vascular plant communities and short-term proliferation of saprotrophs followed by relatively rapid successional recovery of pteridophyte and seed-plant communities. The Permian-Triassic transition records global devastation of gymnosperm-dominated forests in a short zone synchronous with one or more peaks of the fungal/algal palynomorph Reduviasporonites. This zone is typically succeeded by assemblages rich in lycophyte spores and/or acritarchs. Higher in the succession, these assemblages give way to diverse palynofloras dominated by new groups of gymnosperms. Although different plant families were involved in the mass-extinctions, the general pattern of extinction and recovery is consistent between both events. The major difference is the longer duration for each phase of the Triassic recovery vegetation compared to that of the Paleocene. The protracted extinction-recovery succession at the Permian-Triassic boundary is incompatible with an instantaneous causal mechanism such as an impact of a celestial body but is consistent with hypotheses invoking extended environmental perturbations through flood-basalt volcanism and release of methane from continental shelf sediments.

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“…Some Australian authors refer to the seed scale as an "adaxial process" [4]. Others threw doubts on the coniferous affinity of Palissya [6,15]. Since the publication of Florin's monographs on conifers and taxads [2,8,9], Palissya and other early conifers with specialized "seed-scale complexes" have been interpreted in distinctly different ways.…”

Section: Inconsistent Usage Of Terminology For Palissya Ovulate Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palissya has featured in many paleobotanical magnum opera representing different times [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Schenk, Nathorst, and Florin elaborated on the marvelous reproductive organ [1,2,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A bizarre Palissya ovulate organ from Upper Triassic strata of the Zixing coal field, Hunan Province, China

Wang

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Palissya, a little-known reproductive organ with a long history, is recorded from China and Asia for the first time. A new species, Palissya hunanensis (sp. nov.), is described from the Upper Triassic Rhaetican strata of the Zixing coal field of Hunan Province. The ovulate cone has a compound shoot system that consists of a main axis and many helically-arranged axillary structures referred to as female dwarf shoots, each of which is subtended by a bract. Despite a superficial similarity, P. hunanensis differs from the typical species P. sphenolepis (Braun) Nathorst in a number of subtle but consistent features: the cone is much smaller and narrower, the bracts are much thinner, there are fewer pairs of cup-like seed scales, and the seed scales are adaxially attached to a thick axis rather than to bracts. These traits are all distinctly different from other species of the genus. Moreover, SEM observation of the new species reveals morphological features of the seed scales and seeds and details of the female dwarf shoot; significantly increases our knowledge of Palissya; and provides new evidence that it is a conifer. Palissya is related to the Lower Permian Lebowskia, a voltzian conifer bearing ovuliferous structures similar to the bract plus dwarf-shoot organization of Palissya. Palissya-type conifers probably grew in specialized marine-continent habitats, unlike most other extant and extinct conifers that grow in drier upland environments. Palissya, conifer, female dwarf shoot, Rhaetican, Hunan of China Citation:Wang Z Q. A bizarre Palissya ovulate organ from Upper Triassic strata of the Zixing coal field,

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Fundamentals of Palaeobotany

Cited by 299 publications

References 0 publications

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

Extinction and recovery patterns of the vegetation across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary — a tool for unravelling the causes of the end-Permian mass-extinction

A bizarre Palissya ovulate organ from Upper Triassic strata of the Zixing coal field, Hunan Province, China

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