Fundamentals of Nanocarriers and Drug Targeting

Shah, Dhiren P.

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4497-6_1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 104 publications

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“…Thin skin is distinguished by the absence of SL. Curiously, the contribution of SL to nanoparticle penetration is not completely clear, although reduced nanoparticle penetrability has been proposed [33,34]. The remaining three layers of the epidermis, viz, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum basale are common for thick and thin skin but vary slightly in their overall thickness between skin types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of topically applied polymeric nanoparticles across the epidermis of thick skin from rat

Antony,

Raju,

Job

et al. 2024

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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The barrier function of the epidermis poses a significant challenge to nanoparticle-mediated topical delivery. A key factor in this barrier function is the thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) layer within the epidermis, which varies across different anatomical sites. The epidermis from the palms and soles, for instance, have thicker SC compared to those from other areas. Previous studies have attempted to bypass the SC layer for nanoparticle penetration by using physical disruption; however, these studies have mostly focused on non-thick skin. In this study, we investigate the role of SC-disrupting mechano-physical strategies (tape-stripping and microneedle abrasion) on thick and thin skin, in allowing transdermal penetration of topically applied nanoparticles using an ex-vivo skin model from rat. Our findings show that tape-stripping reduced the overall thickness of SC in thick skin by 87%, from 67.4 ± 17.3 µm to 8.2 ± 8.5 µm, whereas it reduced thin skin SC by only 38%, from 9.9 ± 0.6 µm to 6.2 ± 3.2 µm. Compared to non-thick skin, SC disruption in thick skin resulted in higher nanoparticle diffusion. Tape-stripping effectively reduces SC thickness of thick skin and can be potentially utilized for enhanced penetration of topically applied nanoparticles in skin conditions that affect thick skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of topically applied polymeric nanoparticles across the epidermis of thick skin from rat

Antony,

Raju,

Job

et al. 2024

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Core Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles for Specific Iron Delivery: Inducing Sterile Inflammation in Macrophages

Bauer

Horvat

Marques

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Iron is an essential co-factor for cellular processes. In the immune system, it can activate macrophages and represents a potential therapeutic for various diseases. To specifically deliver iron to macrophages, iron oxide nanoparticles are embedded in polymeric micelles of reactive polysarcosine-block-poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteine). Upon surface functionalization via dihydrolipoic acid, iron oxide cores act as crosslinker themselves and undergo chemoselective disulfide bond formation with the surrounding poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteine) block, yielding glutathione-responsive core cross-linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs). When applied to primary murine and human macrophages, these nanoparticles display preferential uptake, sustained intracellular iron release, and induce a strong inflammatory response. This response is also demonstrated in vivo when nanoparticles are intratracheally administered to wild-type C57Bl/6N mice. Most importantly, the controlled release concept to deliver iron oxide in redox-responsive CCPMs induces significantly stronger macrophage activation than any other iron source at identical iron levels (e.g., Feraheme), directing to a new class of immune therapeutics.

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Strategic Developments in Polymer-Functionalized Liposomes for Targeted Colon Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review of Clinical Trial Data and Future Horizons

Sharma,

Chakraborty,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Biomacromolecules

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Liposomes, made up of phospholipid bilayers, are efficient nanocarriers for drug delivery because they can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Conventional cancer treatments sometimes involve considerable toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which limits their clinical value. Despite liposomes' promise in addressing these concerns, clinical trials have revealed significant limitations, including stability, targeted distribution, and scaling challenges. Recent clinical trials have focused on enhancing liposome formulations to increase therapeutic efficacy while minimizing negative effects. Notably, the approval of liposomal medications like Doxil demonstrates their potential in cancer treatment. However, the intricacy of liposome preparation and the requirement for comprehensive regulatory approval remain substantial impediments. Current clinical trial updates show continued efforts to improve liposome stability, targeting mechanisms, and payload capacity in order to address these issues. The future of liposomal drug delivery in cancer therapy depends on addressing these challenges in order to provide patients with more effective and safer treatment alternatives.

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Fundamentals of Nanocarriers and Drug Targeting

Cited by 4 publications

References 104 publications

Penetration of topically applied polymeric nanoparticles across the epidermis of thick skin from rat

Penetration of topically applied polymeric nanoparticles across the epidermis of thick skin from rat

Core Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles for Specific Iron Delivery: Inducing Sterile Inflammation in Macrophages

Strategic Developments in Polymer-Functionalized Liposomes for Targeted Colon Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review of Clinical Trial Data and Future Horizons

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