Fundamentals of Life Support Systems

Eckart, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3038-9_4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Open-loop direct supply means to provide O 2 , water and food directly. Closed-loop recycling includes the recovery of all life-support material—oxygen, water, food and other supplies for the crew [ 56 , 57 ]. The ISS partially recovers oxygen and water and conducts food production experiments based on a hybrid life-support system [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Top-level Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity Evaluation of an Environmental Control and Life-Support System Based on Directed and Undirected Structural Entropy Methods

Yang

et al. 2021

Entropy

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During manned space missions, an environmental control and life-support system (ECLSS) is employed to meet the life-supporting requirements of astronauts. The ECLSS is a type of hierarchical system, with subsystem—component—single machines, forming a complex structure. Therefore, system-level conceptual designing and performance evaluation of the ECLSS must be conducted. This study reports the top-level scheme of ECLSS, including the subsystems of atmosphere revitalization, water management, and waste management. We propose two schemes based on the design criteria of improving closure and reducing power consumption. In this study, we use the structural entropy method (SEM) to calculate the system order degree to quantitatively evaluate the ECLSS complexity at the top level. The complexity of the system evaluated by directed SEM and undirected SEM presents different rules. The results show that the change in the system structure caused by the replacement of some single technologies will not have great impact on the overall system complexity. The top-level scheme design and complexity evaluation presented in this study may provide technical support for the development of ECLSS in future manned spaceflights.

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Section: Top-level Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity Evaluation of an Environmental Control and Life-Support System Based on Directed and Undirected Structural Entropy Methods

Yang

et al. 2021

Entropy

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“…The four pillars of life-support systems (LSS) are the provision of air, water, and food, as well as waste treatment [1,2]. For long-duration space exploration missions, it will be necessary to recycle as much resources as possible and to grow food in situ [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling physical processes in higher plants using leaf replicas for space applications

Kuźma¹,

Poulet²,

Fontaine³

et al. 2023

Comptes Rendus. Mécanique

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In the future, higher plant cultivation will be a key component of Bioregenerative Life-Support Systems. This will require a deep understanding of phenomena that play an important role at the core of plant metabolism and of their interaction with the environment. Plants are complex organisms that must be studied with the use of leaf replicas. This enables the study of physical phenomena at the leaf surface, without biochemical or biological interactions nor genetic variability. To assess the influence of gravity, it is a necessary step to develop precise mechanistic models of plant behaviour in space. This review article presents the state-of-the-art of leaf replicas and concomitant phenomena, with a space gaze.Résumé. À l'avenir, la culture de plantes supérieures sera un élément clé des systèmes de support de vie biorégénératifs. Cela nécessitera une compréhension approfondie des phénomènes qui jouent un rôle important au coeur du métabolisme des plantes et de leur interaction avec l'environnement. Les plantes sont des organismes complexes qui doivent être étudiés à l'aide de répliques de feuilles. Ceci permet l'étude des phénomènes physiques à la surface des feuilles, sans interactions biochimiques ou biologiques, ni variabilité génétique. Pour évaluer l'influence de la gravité, il est nécessaire de développer des modèles mécanistes précis du comportement des plantes dans l'espace. Cet article de synthèse présente l'état de l'art des répliques foliaires et des phénomènes concomitants, pour une application spatiale.

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“…Smart greenhouses are, therefore, necessary for a fresh food supply in long-term space missions [1]. A key function is to reproduce the Earth's natural ecosystem, aiming at the "closure" of the air, water and food cycles in a so-called closed ecological life support system (CELSS) [2]. The main demonstrated advantages of CELSSs over more classical physicochemical systems are both psychological and logistic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Monitor for Ethylene and Other Plant-Produced Volatile Organic Compounds for NASA Space Missions

Dobrokhotov,

Larin,

Viugina

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In this work, we discuss the development of a compact analytical instrument for monitoring ethylene in compact greenhouses utilized by NASA to grow fresh vegetables in space. Traditionally, ethylene measurements are conducted by GC-MS systems. However, in space, they are not applicable due to their bulky size, heavy weight, special carrier gas requirement and high maintenance. Our group developed a compact and robust battery-powered ethylene monitor based on the principles of analytical gas chromatography. The device utilizes purified ambient air as a carrier gas and a metal oxide sensor as a GC detector. Implementation of a CarboWax 20 M packed column from Restek together with a Tenax TA pre-concentrator allowed us to achieve a 20 ppb limit of detection for ethylene. Full automation of measurements and reporting of concentrations was accomplished via the implementation of a Raspberry Pi 4 computer and a 7″ 720P LED capacitive touchscreen utilized for data output. Based on a feasibility study, a fully automated, industrial-grade ethylene monitoring and removal system for greenhouses was developed.

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Fundamentals of Life Support Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Complexity Evaluation of an Environmental Control and Life-Support System Based on Directed and Undirected Structural Entropy Methods

Complexity Evaluation of an Environmental Control and Life-Support System Based on Directed and Undirected Structural Entropy Methods

Modelling physical processes in higher plants using leaf replicas for space applications

A Compact Monitor for Ethylene and Other Plant-Produced Volatile Organic Compounds for NASA Space Missions

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