Fundamentals and Applications of Lithium‐ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles

Jiang, Jiuchun; Zhang, Caiping

doi:10.1002/9781118414798

Cited by 77 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…approximately 200mV for 0.5C test, whereas it is 1.0 V for 10C rate (see Figure 8(a)). This drop is mainly due to the pure Ohmic resistance and faradic charge transfer resistance of the cell [53,56]. The next section of discharge is a relatively flat region where the voltage drops slowly with respect to capacity.…”

Section: Self-heating Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 When a cell is fully discharged, i.e. from 100 % to 0 % SoC, the cell voltage can be split into three sections [53,56]. In the first part, at the beginning of the discharge there is a sharp drop in voltage, which increases with discharge rate, e.g.…”

Section: Self-heating Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Grandjean

Barai

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.  Gradients across the cell thickness can be larger than across the cell surface. Similar heat distribution between charge and discharge scenarios. Self heating increases available capacity at low temperatures *Highlights (for review) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 AbstractIt is crucial to maintain temperature homogeneity in lithium ion batteries in order to prevent adverse voltage distributions and differential ageing within the cell. As such, the thermal behaviour of a large-format 20 Ah lithium iron phosphate pouch cell is investigated over a wide range of ambient temperatures and C rates during both charging and discharging. Whilst previous studies have only considered one surface, this article presents experimental results, which characterise both surfaces of the cell exposed to similar thermal media and boundary conditions, allowing for thermal gradients in-plane and perpendicular to the stack to be quantified. Temperature gradients, caused by self-heating, are found to increase with increasing C rate and decreasing temperature to such an extent that 13.4 ± 0.7% capacity can be extracted using a 10C discharge compared to a 0.5C discharge, both at -10°C ambient temperature. The former condition causes a 18.8 ± 1.1˚C in plane gradient and a 19.7 ± 0.8˚C thermal gradient perpendicular to the stack, which results in large current density distributions and local state of charge differences within the cell. The implications of these thermal and electrical inhomogeneities on ageing and battery pack design for the automotive industry are discussed.

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Section: Self-heating Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Self-heating Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Grandjean

Barai

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Battery local efficiency at given internal losses can be presented for both modes of battery operation as: The battery state of charge Bat SoC , relation (7) is considered as a parameter for describing the battery efficiency, and the relation (7) does not describe the influence of the current rate I on the actual battery Bat SoC [30], known as a Peukert law. Although this influence is a weak for the Li-Ion batteries, it is estimated in the battery modelling by relation, proposed as standardization work for BEV and HEV applications [31].…”

Section: Batmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles

Jivkov¹,

Draganov²

2017

Adv Automob Eng

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It is considered a hybrid driveline intended for electric vehicle in which Kinetic Energy Storage (KES) is used as an energy buffer for the load levelling over the main energy source -Li-Ion battery. Relations for KES local efficiency are worked out. Overall efficiencies of the parallel power branches are defined, and a control strategy for power split is proposed based on the alternative storage devices State of Charge (SoC). Quantity estimations of KES influence on the battery loading are obtained by evaluation of covered mileage, achievable with a single battery recharge over standard driving cycles, and by expected battery cycle-life prediction.

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“…While the Mas Law strategy calculates the charge current based on the 'Mas Three Laws' principle [11,12] discovered by American scientist J. A. Mas in researching the maximum acceptable charge current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An advanced Lithium-ion battery optimal charging strategy based on a coupled thermoelectric model

Liu

Yang

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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. (2017) An advanced Lithiumion battery optimal charging strategy based on a coupled thermoelectric model. Electrochimica Acta, 225. pp. 330-344. Permanent WRAP URL:http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/86302 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Kingdom (Email:{kliu02,k.li,zyang07,czhang07,j.deng}@qub.ac.uk).Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are widely adopted as the power supplies for electric vehicles. A key but challenging issue is to achieve optimal battery charging, while taking into account of various constraints for safe, efficient and reliable operation. In this paper, a triple-objective function is first formulated for battery charging based on a coupled thermoelectric model. An advanced optimal charging strategy is then proposed to develop the optimal constant-current-constant-voltage (CCCV) charge current profile, which gives the best trade-off among three conflicting but important objectives for battery management. To be specific, a coupled thermoelectric battery model is first presented. Then, a specific triple-objective function consisting of three objectives, namely charging time, energy loss, and temperature rise (both the interior and surface), is proposed.Heuristic methods such as Teaching-learning-based-optimization (TLBO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are applied to optimize the triple-objective function, and their optimization performances are compared.The impacts of the weights for different terms in the objective function are then assessed. Experimental results show that the proposed optimal charging strategy is capable of offering desirable effective optimal charging current profiles and a proper trade-off among the conflicting objectives. Further, the proposed optimal charging strategy can be easily extended to other battery types.

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Fundamentals and Applications of Lithium‐ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

Large format lithium ion pouch cell full thermal characterisation for improved electric vehicle thermal management

The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles

An advanced Lithium-ion battery optimal charging strategy based on a coupled thermoelectric model

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