Fundamentals and Advances of Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Analytical chemistry has considerably benefited from the developments in the field of mass spectrometry. The high resolution, mass accuracy, and sensitivity offered by modern mass spectrometers have been essential in addressing analytical needs in numerous areas of research as well as in routine laboratory praxis. The most recent addition to the family of mass spectrometers has been the Orbitrap analyzer, making an ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry accessible to most life science laboratories. The Orbitrap‐based instrumentation has established itself firmly in the field of proteomics, metabolomics, and metabolite analysis. Moreover, it is gaining increased popularity also in areas of bioanalysis, lipidomics, doping, as well as in drug and pesticide residue analysis. This article presents the principle of operation of the Orbitrap analyzer, its most recent technological developments, and outlook, and it reviews application areas where the Orbitrap analyzers represent the state‐of‐the‐art solution to a multitude of analytical needs.

Ion traps in modern mass spectrometry

“…With the current list of papers using Orbitrap technology counting in many thousands, this review focuses mainly on the development of the technology. For analytical applications the reader is referred to other overviews …”

“…For analytical applications the reader is referred to other overviews. 41,[133][134][135] Since then the analytical capabilities of the LTQ Orbitrap instrument were expanded in several distinct ways.…”

Human Biomonitoring of DNA Adducts by Ion Trap Multistage Mass Spectrometry

“…Several critical instrument parameters of the Thermo Fisher LIT‐MS are discussed here. The control of the ion population in the trap is achieved by setting the automatic gain control (AGC) and injection time (Scigelova and Makarov, ). In this instrument, the gate lens will open for a short period of time to measure the ion influx, which determines the injection time required for the lens to open to fill the trap with target number of ions specified by AGC.…”

Mass spectrometry in untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics: Electrospray ionisation parameters and global coverage of the metabolome

“…Recent capabilities of high‐resolution, accurate‐mass mass spectrometers (HRMS) to perform high‐resolution full scan, reliable and sensitive quantitative analyses are a tremendous asset for LC/MS‐based metabolomic analyses, providing a much better overview of the composition of sample extracts. The current HRMS platforms are quadrupole‐orbitrap‐MS (Q‐orbi‐MS), ion trap quadrupole time‐of‐flight (IT‐Q‐TOF) MS and quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (QTOF) MS . However, although the metabolome coverage that LC/ESI‐MS systems offer is (arguably) the most comprehensive compared to the other current metabolite profiling platforms, it is still not holistically complete .…”

“…In the last decade, the LC/ESI-MS-based systems have seen dramatic technological developments ranging from advanced ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) systems with better peak separation to newer generation MS instruments with very high scan rates, sensitivity, and functionality and detection specificity. 4,[16][17][18] Recent capabilities of high-resolution, accurate-mass mass [19][20][21] However, although the metabolome coverage that LC/ESI-MS systems offer is (arguably) the most comprehensive compared to the other current metabolite profiling platforms, it is still not holistically complete. 22 There are still challenges and unwanted effects resulting from a number of issues such as the varying polarities of the analytes, the wide range of molecular masses of the metabolites, low concentrations, poor ionisation, and matrix effect/ion suppression by matrix components.…”