Fundamental Understanding and Research Progress on the Interfacial Behaviors for Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) exhibit a considerable application prospect for energy storage systems due to their low cost, high operating voltage, and superior ionic conductivity. As a vital configuration in PIBs, the two-phase interface, which refers to K-ion diffusion from the electrolyte to the electrode surface (solid-liquid interface) and K-ion migration between different particles (solid-solid interface), deeply determines the diffusion/reaction kinetics and structural stability, thus significantly affecting the rate performance and cyclability. However, researches on two-phase interface are still in its infancy and need further attentions. This review first starts from the fundamental understanding of solid-liquid and solid-solid interfaces to in-depth analyzing the effect mechanism of different improvement strategies on them, such as optimization of electrolyte and binders, heterostructure design, modulation of interlayer spacing, etc. Afterward, the research progress of these improvement strategies is summarized comprehensively. Finally, the major challenges are proposed, and the corresponding solving strategies are presented. This review is expected to give an insight into the importance of two-phase interface on diffusion/reaction kinetics, and provides a guidance for developing other advanced anodes in PIBs.

A metal-free all-organic ammonium-ion battery with low-temperature applications

“…Therefore, there has been intense interest in studying alternative metallic charge carriers in batteries, such as Na + and K + , as well as multivalent metallic ions including Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , etc. [8][9][10][11][12] However, batteries based on these metallic charge carriers are limited by high electrostatic attraction or repulsion between the multivalent ions and electrode, electrode corrosion by electrolyte, active material dissolution, self-aggregation and phase change during (de) intercalation.…”

A comprehensive review of carbon anode materials for potassium-ion batteries based on specific optimization strategies

“…[4][5][6] Accordingly, developing novel battery technologies based on more Earth-abundant elements such as K (17 000 ppm) as a supplement to LIBs is highly desirable. 7,8 In this context, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) with a similar working mechanism to LIBs have extensively attracted enormous attention. In practical terms, PIBs also feature some other advantages apart from the abundance and low cost of K, [9][10][11] including faster K-diffusion ability in electro-lytes enabled by smaller solvated K + , 10,12 and a lighter weight when using Al-foil to replace Cu-foil current collectors.…”

Electrospun carbon-based nanomaterials for next-generation potassium batteries

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] Notably, inexpensive aluminium foil can be used to replace traditional copper as the current collector for both cathodes and anodes since K does not alloy with aluminium, which can further reduce the overall cost of PIBs. 16,17 In addition, the weak Lewis acidity and the small Stokes radius of the K-ion are conducive to its diffusion in the bulk electrolyte and desolvation of the electrolyte, promising a tantalizing rate performance. 1,18 In comparison to sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), PIBs are expected to show higher output voltages and energy densities by leveraging the lower redox potential of K/K + (À2.93 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode).…”