Fundamental transport mechanisms, fabrication and potential applications of nanoporous atomically thin membranes

Wang, Luda; Boutilier, Michael S. H.; Kidambi, Piran R.; Jang, Doojoon; Hadjiconstantinou, Nicolas G.; Karnik, Rohit

doi:10.1038/nnano.2017.72

Cited by 661 publications

(667 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Our electrochemical data confirm that TPT CNMs can hinder the translocation of ions including protons as the hydration diameter of ions exceeds the effective membrane channel diameter of ≈3 Å . The passage of few ions detected by EIS could be ascribed to ion leakage or interpreted by a transport in activated regime where the diffusion relies on bond stretching or flexing. However, we note that the transport of protons in water is commonly illuminated by the Grotthuss mechanism, where protons can move along the channel by hopping from one water molecule to another.…”

Section: Ion Transport Through a Single Channel At 1 M Kclsupporting

confidence: 53%

Ultrahigh Ionic Exclusion through Carbon Nanomembranes

Yang

Hillmann

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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The collective “single‐file” motion of water molecules through natural and artificial nanoconduits inspires the development of high‐performance membranes for water separation. However, a material that contains a large number of pores combining rapid water flow with superior ion rejection is still highly desirable. Here, a 1.2 nm thick carbon nanomembrane (CNM) made from cross‐linking of terphenylthiol (TPT) self‐assembled monolayers is reported to possess these properties. Utilizing their extremely high pore density of 1 sub‐nm channel nm−2, TPT CNMs let water molecules rapidly pass, while the translocation of ions, including protons, is efficiently hindered. Their membrane resistance reaches ≈104 Ω cm2 in 1 m Cl− solutions, comparable to lipid bilayers of a cell membrane. Consequently, a single CNM channel yields an ≈108 higher resistance than pores in lipid membrane channels and carbon nanotubes. The ultrahigh ionic exclusion by CNMs is likely dominated by a steric hindrance mechanism, coupled with electrostatic repulsion and entrance effects. The operation of TPT CNM membrane composites in forward osmosis is also demonstrated. These observations highlight the potential of utilizing CNMs for water purification and opens up a simple avenue to creating 2D membranes through molecular self‐assembly for highly selective and fast separations.

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Section: Ion Transport Through a Single Channel At 1 M Kclsupporting

confidence: 53%

Ultrahigh Ionic Exclusion through Carbon Nanomembranes

Yang

Hillmann

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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“…Separation using polymer membranes to desalinate seawater and to clean brackish water is apromising approach to resolve this issue.Polymer membranes,such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes,are now widely used for water purification. [135][136][137][138][139] Commercial RO and NF membranes contain cross-linked aromatic polyamides or cellulose acetates as separation functional layers. [140,141] Sub-nanopores in these polymers serve as pathways for water, but their pore size is non-uniform.…”

Section: Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porous materials with well-ordered sub-nanopores with uniform diameter have attracted attention as filtration membranes. [135][136][137][138] LC polymers, [136,[142][143][144][145][146] carbon-based materials, such as graphene oxide [147] and carbon nanotubes, [148] and channel peptides [149] are potential representative materials of such porous materials.N anostructured films based on polymerized thermotropic or lyotropic liquid crystals have been shown to provide sub-nanopores with uniform diameter. There have been some reports on the use of these nanostructured polymers for separation membranes.…”

Section: Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Liquid Crystals towards the Next Generation of Materials

et al. 2018

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Since the discovery of the liquid-crystalline state in 1888, liquid crystal science has made great advances through fusion with various technologies and disciplines. Recently, new molecular design strategies and new self-assembled structures have been developed as a result of the progress made in synthetic procedures and characterization techniques. Since these liquid crystals exhibit new functions and properties derived from their nanostructures and alignment, a variety of new functions for liquid crystals, such as transport for energy applications, separation for environmental applications, chromism, sensing, electrooptical effects, actuation, and templating have been proposed. This Review presents recent advances of liquid crystals that should contribute to the next generation of materials.

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“…[186] Even so, the exploration of the intrinsic mechanism is still valuable to guide the preparation of membrane materials. The simulation and experimental data cannot be effectively unified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Transport Properties of Water and Hydrated Ions in Nano‐Confined Channels

Zhu

Wang

Fan

et al. 2019

Advcd Theory and Sims

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Nano-confined flow is ubiquitous in modern engineering and biomedical applications. As the peculiar phenomena of nano-confined flow were continuously reported and traditional theories failed to describe them accurately, simulation efforts have been made to gain deeper insight. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent progress on nano-confined flow, including water flow and hydrated ions transport. This report starts with the water behavior under nano-confinement, summarizing the water structures, flow properties and their dependence on wall wettability, channel size, etc. The report also presents the efforts made to modify the existing theories to describe nano-confined flows. Then, the report goes to the hydrated ions. The dehydration process of hydrated ions and ions sieving are discussed in detail, and the effects of membrane surface charge, grafting functional groups, and external field on ions transport are reviewed. In this Progress Report, the transport properties of water and hydrated ions in nano-confined channels are highlighted, which is critical to the design and application of nanofluidic devices, such as nanofiltration membranes, biosensors, and other related fields.

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Fundamental transport mechanisms, fabrication and potential applications of nanoporous atomically thin membranes

Cited by 661 publications

References 221 publications

Ultrahigh Ionic Exclusion through Carbon Nanomembranes

Ultrahigh Ionic Exclusion through Carbon Nanomembranes

Functional Liquid Crystals towards the Next Generation of Materials

Structure and Transport Properties of Water and Hydrated Ions in Nano‐Confined Channels

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