Fundamental limits of hot carrier injection from metal in nanoplasmonics

Khurgin, Jacob B.

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2019-0396

Cited by 99 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The same issue can be observed in a very recent study of the production of ammonia in the presence of Au-Ru nanoparticles 36 , as reproduced in Fig. 2c, d (same fitting function, where E a = 81.1 kJ/mol, T 0 = 293 K, A = 2.80 × 10 16 , and c = 2.04 K cm 2 /W).…”

Section: Procedures # 1: Varying the Illumination Powersupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This energy is shared between these two carriers with a ratio that depends on where the excited electron originates from within the conduction band 15 . These primary hot carriers are usually coined quasi-ballistic carriers [15][16][17] . Within a few tens of fs 18 , the primary hot carriers thermalize with the other electrons of the metal through electron-electron inelastic scattering events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These subsequent thermalized charge carriers have a strongly reduced energy compared with the primary hot electrons, less than a few tenths of eV. However, they have also been called "hot" by a large part of the community, especially those working with pulsed lasers, as such low energies still correspond to electronic temperatures on the order of a few thousands of K. These thermalized, "warm" electrons 16 should be distinguished from the primary, quasiballistic hot electrons because of their lower energy and their longer lifetimes, of the order of picoseconds, dictated by multiple, sequential electron-phonon scattering processes. In hot-carrier-assisted plasmonic chemistry, only primary hot electrons have enough energy to contribute to chemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple experimental procedures to distinguish photothermal from hot-carrier processes in plasmonics

et al. 2020

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Light absorption and scattering of plasmonic metal nanoparticles can lead to non-equilibrium charge carriers, intense electromagnetic near-fields, and heat generation, with promising applications in a vast range of fields, from chemical and physical sensing to nanomedicine and photocatalysis for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Disentangling the relative contribution of thermal and non-thermal contributions in plasmon-driven processes is, however, difficult. Nanoscale temperature measurements are technically challenging, and macroscale experiments are often characterized by collective heating effects, which tend to make the actual temperature increase unpredictable. This work is intended to help the reader experimentally detect and quantify photothermal effects in plasmon-driven chemical reactions, to discriminate their contribution from that due to photochemical processes and to cast a critical eye on the current literature. To this aim, we review, and in some cases propose, seven simple experimental procedures that do not require the use of complex or expensive thermal microscopy techniques. These proposed procedures are adaptable to a wide range of experiments and fields of research where photothermal effects need to be assessed, such as plasmonic-assisted chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis, photovoltaics, biosensing, and enhanced molecular spectroscopy.

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Section: Procedures # 1: Varying the Illumination Powersupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple experimental procedures to distinguish photothermal from hot-carrier processes in plasmonics

et al. 2020

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“…Other studies have integrated firstprinciples calculations of band-structure 40 , photon absorption 17,18,41 , and e-p interactions 17,18 into models for nonequilibrium electron dynamics to improve agreement with experiment. Recent work by the plasmonics community has focused on understanding how hot electrons effect photocatalytic efficiencies in plasmonic systems 3,21,22,[42][43][44][45][46] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric dependence of hot electron relaxation timescales on electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction strengths

Wilson

Coh

2020

Commun Phys

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Understanding how photoexcited electron dynamics depend on electron-electron (e-e) and electron-phonon (e-p) interaction strengths is important for many fields, e.g. ultrafast magnetism, photocatalysis, plasmonics, and others. Here, we report simple expressions that capture the interplay of e-e and e-p interactions on electron distribution relaxation times. We observe a dependence of the dynamics on e-e and e-p interaction strengths that is universal to most metals and is also counterintuitive. While only e-p interactions reduce the total energy stored by excited electrons, the time for energy to leave the electronic subsystem also depends on e-e interaction strengths because e-e interactions increase the number of electrons emitting phonons. The effect of e-e interactions on energy-relaxation is largest in metals with strong e-p interactions. Finally, the time high energy electron states remain occupied depends only on the strength of e-e interactions, even if e-p scattering rates are much greater than e-e scattering rates.

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“…Khurgin reports fundamental limits to hot carrier injection from metals across metal-semiconductor interfaces in plasmonic nanostructures [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Surface Plasmon Photonics (SPP9)

et al. 2020

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The research field of plasmonics is concerned with the interaction of light with free electrons in conducting media, thus, having a natural emphasis on metal nanostructures while now also being explored in several other novel material systems ranging from macromolecules and two-dimensional materials (such as graphene) to doped semiconductors. The field of plasmonics is bridging fundamental research and diverse applications, embracing traditional topics such as sensing as well as emerging ones such as localized heating and hot-electron generation. The synergy of light with nanotechnology is opening a range of application areas important to society. After two decades of explosive growth, plasmonics is still going strong: according to "2019 Research Fronts", the topic "Plasmonic properties of metal nanostructures" belongs to the top 10 research fronts in physics [1]. The International Conference on Surface Plasmon Photonics (SPP) is a biennial independent and non-profit conference series widely regarded as the premier series in the field of plasmonics. The most recent conference, SPP9, was held in Copenhagen (May 26-31, 2019), exploring the breadth of fascinating topics and new directions that are emerging from plasmonics, including metasurfaces, graphene and other 2D materials, strong-coupling phenomena, topological plasmonics, quantum plasmonics, and hot-electron phenomena (Figure 1). Enabling deeply subwavelength electromagnetic field confinement, plasmonics epitomizes one of the key research areas within nanophotonics represented extensively at SPP9. This special issue includes a selection of invited papers from this conference. SPP9 opened with a plenary talk by Thomas W. Ebbesen on polaritons in material science, including perspectives on strong-coupling phenomena in plasmonics as a new state of matter. In this special issue, this topic is elaborated in the paper by Thomas et al., considering ground state chemistry under vibrational strong coupling [2]. Xiong et al. investigate ultrastrong coupling in gold nanocubes coated with quantum emitters, positioned on a gold film [3]. Heilmann et al. experimentally explore strong coupling of dye molecules to dielectric lattice resonances [4]. Calvo et al. theoretically consider ultra-strong coupling phenomena in molecular cavity quantum-electron dynamics [5]. Baranov et al. experimentally explore cavity plasmon-polaritons in the context of circular dichroism [6]. Neuman et al. theoretically explore surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering of molecules in plasmon-exciton systems in the strong-coupling regime [7]. In the area of 2D materials, Galiffi et al. [8] theoretically explore the nonlocal plasmon response in graphene with the aid of singular metasurfaces. Device aspects of hybrid graphene-plasmon systems are considered by Ding et al. combining graphene with plasmonic waveguides to enable large-bandwidth photodetectors [9]. Zhao et al. combine GeSe nanosheets with gold metal surfaces to enable surface-plasmon resonance sensors with enhanced sensitivity [10]. Rama...

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Fundamental limits of hot carrier injection from metal in nanoplasmonics

Cited by 99 publications

References 80 publications

Simple experimental procedures to distinguish photothermal from hot-carrier processes in plasmonics

Simple experimental procedures to distinguish photothermal from hot-carrier processes in plasmonics

Parametric dependence of hot electron relaxation timescales on electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction strengths

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Surface Plasmon Photonics (SPP9)

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