2017
DOI: 10.1101/135343
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Fundamental constraints in synchronous muscle limit superfast motor control in vertebrates

Abstract: Our results suggest that SFM evolved independently in sound producing organs in ray-finned fish, birds, and mammals, and that SFM phenotypes operate at a maximum operational speed set by fundamental constraints in synchronous muscle. Consequentially, these constraints set a fundamental limit to the 55 maximum speed of fine motor control.not peer-reviewed)

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Cited by 14 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…We further compared expression of the three fast-twitch fiber myosin heavy chains (Myh1/2/4) that differ in their fiber shortening velocity, which decreases in the order: Myh4 > Myh1 > Myh2 [29]. We found that Myh4 makes up 90% of the myosin heavy chain expression in the anterior cricothyroid muscle, consistent with the need for fast contraction and consistent with a recent study [42]. In contrast, Myh4 has the lowest expression in breast muscle, where the expression order of Myh4 > Myh2 > Myh1 observed in the anterior cricothyroid muscle is reversed.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…We further compared expression of the three fast-twitch fiber myosin heavy chains (Myh1/2/4) that differ in their fiber shortening velocity, which decreases in the order: Myh4 > Myh1 > Myh2 [29]. We found that Myh4 makes up 90% of the myosin heavy chain expression in the anterior cricothyroid muscle, consistent with the need for fast contraction and consistent with a recent study [42]. In contrast, Myh4 has the lowest expression in breast muscle, where the expression order of Myh4 > Myh2 > Myh1 observed in the anterior cricothyroid muscle is reversed.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…These larval myotomal muscles in certain ways resemble the ‘superfast’ vertebrate muscles, found exclusively in sound-producing organ systems, which work at cycling frequencies between 100 and 200 Hz (27, 46-48). The physiologic adaptations that enable superfast muscle to cycle at such high frequencies come at the expense of force production.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Stress ranges from the peak stress during the all-or-none twitch contraction (Ptw) caused by a single motor neuron spike, up to the maximum stress 130 during tetanic contraction (Po) caused by spike trains of the motor neuron. Because syringeal muscles are superfast muscles that can power movement up to 200 -250 Hz [26], they trade force for speed as a fundamental architectural trait [27,28] and are expected to have low Po. Indeed, pigeon syringeal muscles generate a Po as low as 18 -50 mN/mm 2 [29], 5 -10 times lower as regular skeletal muscle fibers (~150 -300 mN/mm 2 ) [30, 31] ( Fig 135 2), but the Po of songbird syringeal muscles is unknown.…”
Section: Songbird Syringeal Muscles Generate the Lowest Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From a motor control perspective, this suggests a strong selection for small force steps, which can be achieved by small MU sizes combined with low specific force. As a result of the selection on muscle speed, muscle specific force reduces significantly due to architectural constraints of skeletal muscles [27]. Thus, if the force per 215…”
Section: Behavioral Selection On Resolution Drove Small Mus 205mentioning
confidence: 99%
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