Fundamental Cause of Bio-Chirality: Space-Time Symmetry—Concept Review

Abstract

The search for fundamental determinants of bio-molecular chirality is a hot topic in biology, clarifying the meaning of evolution and the enigma of life’s origin. The question of origin may be resolved assuming that non-biological and biological entities obey nature’s universal laws grounded on space-time symmetry (STS) and space-time relativity (SPR). The fabric of STS is our review’s primary subject. This symmetry, encompassing the behavior of elementary particles and galaxy structure, imposes its fundamental laws on all hierarchical levels of the biological world. From the perspective of STS, objects across spatial scales may be classified as chiral or achiral concerning a specific space-related symmetry transformation: mirror reflection. The chiral object is not identical (i.e., not superimposable) to its mirror image. In geometry, distinguish two kinds of chiral objects. The first one does not have any reflective symmetry elements (a point or plane of symmetry) but may have rotational symmetry axes (dissymmetry). The second one does not have any symmetry elements (asymmetry). As the form symmetry deficiency, Chirality is the critical structural feature of natural systems, including sub-atomic particles and living matter. According to the Standard Model (SM) theory and String Theory (StrT), elementary particles associated with the four fundamental forces of nature determine the existence of micro- and galaxy scales of nature. Therefore, the inheritance of molecular symmetry from the symmetry of elementary particles indicates a bi-directional (internal [(micro-scale) and external (galaxy sale)] causal pathway of prevalent bio-chirality. We assume that the laws of the physical world impact the biological matter’s appearance through both extremities of spatial dimensions. The extended network of multi-disciplinary experimental evidence supports this hypothesis. However, many experimental results are derived and interpreted based on the narrow-view prerogative and highly specific terminology. The current review promotes a holistic approach to experimental results in two fast-developing, seemingly unrelated, divergent branches of STS and biological chirality. The generalized view on the origin of prevalent bio-molecular chirality is necessary for understanding the link between a diverse range of biological events. The chain of chirality transfer links ribosomal protein synthesis, cell morphology, and neuronal signaling with the laterality of cognitive functions.

Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive and Psychological Function

“…Chirality is the right keyword in the search for the integrity of PyrNs origin, structure, and functions. Such an assumption agrees that chiral asymmetry appears in nature at all levels, from elementary particles and amino acids to mammals' morphology and even galaxies' levels [10][11][12]. The origin of chirality at the cellular level is attributed to biomolecular homochirality [12].…”

“…Such an assumption agrees that chiral asymmetry appears in nature at all levels, from elementary particles and amino acids to mammals' morphology and even galaxies' levels [10][11][12]. The origin of chirality at the cellular level is attributed to biomolecular homochirality [12]. Molecular homochirality and cellular chirality are the internal "forces" driving an organism's left-right asymmetric development [13,14] in bilaterians.…”

“…The hierarchical chain of chirality transfer from the atomic to the organism level is one of the challenging targets of contemporary biological sciences [15][16][17]. The attention to the possible allembracing role of the symmetry determinant in biology (from the biomolecular chirality to the bilaterality of human cognitive function) has become a significant trend in cognitive neuroscience [12,[18][19][20]. However, surprisingly, in this chirality-oriented stream of biological research, the question "why/how does PyrNs gain tetrahedral geometry?"…”

“…Below, we introduce some relevant hypotheses based on the generalized view of biological symmetry. A broad view of biological symmetry assumes that chirality transfer from the molecular to macromolecular and cellular levels plays a vital role in physiology underlying perceptual and cognitive functions linked with bilateral organisms' emotional and behavioral expression (Figure 2) [11,12,21,22]. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of psychological states are fast-developing branches of life science.…”

Algebraic Morphology of DNA–RNA Transcription and Regulation

“…In a separate direction, the work of Reference [45] about biochirality and the CPT theorem may be possibly related to the space-time-spin group SL(2, C) that served as a prism of DNA/RNA structure in our approach. Related ideas about the concept of a time crystal are also worthwhile to be pointed out, e.g., Reference [46].…”