Fundamental Biomechanics in Bone Tissue Engineering

Wang, X.; Nyman, Jeffry S.; Dong, Xuesong; Leng, Huijie; Reyes, M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-02579-2

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 656 publications

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“…Polymers 6a and 7a contained ∼45−50% boctyramine within a 5% error. Confirmation of deprotection for 6b and 7b was evident by 1 H NMR spectroscopy by the reduction or disappearance of the boc proton peaks at 1.36 ppm. After deprotection, the coupling produced phosphoester peaks at 1.34 (POCH 2 CH 3 ), 2.01 (NCH 2 CH 2 P), 2.31 (NCH 2 CH 2 P), and 4.07 ppm (POCH 2 CH 3 ), which further supported the 31 P evidence for the successful coupling between the amino groups on the polymer and diethylvinylphosphonate to form DPT and MPT.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Currently, the design of an osteoinductive scaffold requires the addition of growth factors or other additives such as autographic fillers (human bone) or nanohydroxyapatite. 1 The current fabrication method for this type of hybrid scaffold is based on the physical mixing of the components. However, this method often leads to poor dispersion of the filler within the polymer matrix, and aggregates tend to form.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many polymers are osteoconductive, few, if any, are osteoinductive. Currently, the design of an osteoinductive scaffold requires the addition of growth factors or other additives such as autographic fillers (human bone) or nanohydroxyapatite . The current fabrication method for this type of hybrid scaffold is based on the physical mixing of the components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Phosphonated Polyphosphazenes via Two Synthetic Routes

2012

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Reagents. Tetrahydrofuran and triethylamine (EMD) were dried using solvent purification columns, and the final water content was monitored by Karl Fisher titration. 26 Ethanol and acetonitrile (EMD) were distilled from sodium metal and stored over molecular sieves (4Å) before use. Dichloromethane (EMD), methanol (EMD), hexanes (EMD), ethyl acetate (EMD), alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride (Chem Impex), phenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloride (Chem Impex), sodium (Sigma), tyramine (TCI), ditert butyl dicarbonate (Sigma), sodium bicarbonate (Sigma), diethyl vinylphosphonate (TCI), ferulic acid (Sigma), trifluoroacetic acid (Sigma), sodium iodide (Aldrich), and trimethylsilyl chloride (Fluka) were used as received. Spectra/Por molecular porous cellulose dialysis membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of 12,000-14,000 were used for purification of the polymers.Equipment. 31 P and 1 H NMR spectra were obtained with a Bruker 360 WM instrument operated at 145 MHz and 360 MHz, respectively. 31 P shifts are reported in ppm relative to 85% H 3 PO 4 at 0 ppm. Glass transition temperatures were measured with a TA Instruments Q10 differential scanning calorimetry apparatus with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a sample size of ca. 10 mg. Gel permeation chromatography was performed using a Hewlett-Packard 1047A refractive index detector and two Phenomenex Phenogel linear 10 columns. The samples were eluted at 1.0 mL/min with a 10 mM solution of tetra-n-butylammonium nitrate in THF. The elution times were calibrated with polystyrene standards. Mass spectrometric analyses were performed using a Waters LCT Premier time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer in positive or negative ion mode, using electrospray ionization (ESI). Ultraviolet spectra were obtained with a double-beam spectrophotometer (Varian, Cary 500). Measurements were conducted in de-ionized water or in a 10 mM phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS). Synthesis of bis-(diethyl phosphonate)-N,N-diethyltyramine (DPT) and (diethyl phosphonate)-Nethyltyramine (MPT).Tyramine (1.73 g, 12.6 mmol) and diethylvinylphosphonate (3.60 g, 21.9 mmol) were dissolved in de-ionized water (160 mL) and heated at 50 °C for 48 h. The sample was cooled and extracted with DCM. The organic layers were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Once dry, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and dried further under vacuum to afford the product as a crude oil. The

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Phosphonated Polyphosphazenes via Two Synthetic Routes

2012

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“…As demonstrated in a study developed by Papini et al [92], there was a negligible variation in axial and torsional stiffness values prediction by the finite element model if only the cortical bone was considered in the simulation. This was justified by the considerable difference between the Young's modulus of the cortical (10-40 GPa) [93][94][95][96][97][98] and the trabecular bone (0.05-0.5 GPa) [93]. This demonstrated that it is the cortical rather than the spongy bone that is mainly responsible for most of the weight support.…”

Section: Macrostructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Bone: An Outstanding Composite Material

et al. 2022

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Bone is an outstanding, well-designed composite. It is constituted by a multi-level structure wherein its properties and behavior are dependent on its composition and structural organization at different length scales. The combination of unique mechanical properties with adaptive and self-healing abilities makes bone an innovative model for the future design of synthetic biomimetic composites with improved performance in bone repair and regeneration. However, the relation between structure and properties in bone is very complex. In this review article, we intend to describe the hierarchical organization of bone on progressively greater scales and present the basic concepts that are fundamental to understanding the arrangement-based mechanical properties at each length scale and their influence on bone’s overall structural behavior. The need for a better understanding of bone’s intricate composite structure is also highlighted.

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“…Material properties assigned in the FEA setup are given in Table 2. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Boundary conditions. Loading magnitude was calculated considering the subject's weight (98 kg).…”

Section: Finite Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coronal fracture angle on the stability of screw fixation in medial malleolar fractures: A finite element analysis

Emre

Çelik

Arik

et al. 2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Malleolar screw fixation is the most widely used treatment method for medial malleolar (MM) fractures. Here, although buttress plate fixation is advocated for vertical MM fractures, the angular discrimination between oblique and vertical MM fractures is still not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to test the adequacy of screw fixation in MM fractures with different angles and determination of a ‘critical fracture angle’ to guide surgeons in the decision-making for screw fixation for MM fractures by utilizing an advanced engineering simulation approach. In addition to loading of the healthy tibia structure, various cases of the MM fracture double screw fixation (14 simulation scenarios in total with fracture angles between 30° and 90°, in 5° increments) were considered in this research and their static loading conditions just after fixation operation were simulated through nonlinear (geometric and contact nonlinearity) finite element analysis (FEA). Patient-specific computed tomography scan data, parametric three-dimensional solid modelling and finite element method (FEM) based engineering codes were employed in order to simulate the fixation scenarios. Visual and numerical outputs for the deformation and stress distributions, separation and sliding behaviours of the MM fracture fragments of various screw fixations were clearly exhibited through FEA results. Minimum and maximum separation distances (gap) of 3.75 and 150.34 µm between fracture fragments at fracture angles of 30° and 90° were calculated respectively against minimum and maximum sliding distances of 25.87 and 41.37 µm between fracture fragments at fracture angles of 90° and 35°, respectively. The FEA results revealed that while the separation distance was increasing, the sliding distance was decreasing and there were no distinct differences in sliding distances in the scenarios from fracture angles of 30°–90°. The limitations and errors in a FEA study are inevitable, however, it was interpreted that the FEA scenarios were setup in this study by utilizing acceptable assumptions providing logical outputs under pre-defined boundary conditions. Finally, the fracture healing threshold for separation and/or sliding distance between fracture fragments was assigned as 100 µm by referring to previous literature and it was concluded that the screws fixed perpendicular to the fracture in a MM fracture with more than 70° angle with the tibial plafond results in a significant articular separation (>100 µm) during single-leg stand. Below this critical angle of 70°, two screws provide sufficient fixation.

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Fundamental Biomechanics in Bone Tissue Engineering

Cited by 26 publications

References 656 publications

Synthesis of Phosphonated Polyphosphazenes via Two Synthetic Routes

Synthesis of Phosphonated Polyphosphazenes via Two Synthetic Routes

Bone: An Outstanding Composite Material

Effect of coronal fracture angle on the stability of screw fixation in medial malleolar fractures: A finite element analysis

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