Functions of steroids in plants

Heftmanń, Erich

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(75)85156-9

Cited by 96 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Insects transform steroids and ster01s ingested during feeding [2]. Plant sterols, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids are of much biomedical value, but have no demonstrated counterparts or hormonal role in mammals [5]. Several bacterial and plant species synthesize cholesterol which is then transEarlier studies had shown that bacteria, mycoplasma (PPLO), and fungi respond to sterols and steroids in bewildering ways, ranging from vitamin-like to antimicrobial [7].…”

Section: Cellular Function Of Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Receptors for mammalian steroid hormones in microbes and plants

Agarwal

1993

FEBS Letters

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Steroids are of universal occurrence, present variously as cell wall constituents and bioregulators. A number of bacteria, fungi, and photosynthetic vascular plants synthesize steroids that are honnonally active in the animal world. The cellular effect of such steroids in microbes and plants appears by and large to be comparable to that in mammals. Available evidence suggests that steroid action in botanical phyla is mediated via receptors organized in a manner similar to that seen in animals. Therefore, the ancestry of ligand induced transactivation via zinc finger proteins appears to date farther back than the early Cambrian burst of metazoan evolution 500 million years ago.Microbe; Plant; Steroid; Hormone; Receptor 1. STEROID DISTRIBUTION AND SYNTHESIS formed to steroids hormonally active in animals and plants [6-81. Receptor mediated control of transcription by steroid hormones (Fig. 1) is a subject of much contemporary interest in mammalian biology. In microbes and plants, the evidence for distribution, synthesis, and physiological action, of steroids has remained rather circumscribed, and sometimes even contradictory. This minireview traces the role played by steroids as messengers at various levels of evolution, as a prelude to understanding receptor origin for further experimental inquiry.Cholesterol is the common starting material in animals for P450 mediated synthesis of all classes of steroid hormones [9]. Plant species have been variously shown to contain glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone), progestins (progesterone), androgens (testosterone), estrogens (estradiol and estrone) and even the insect moulting hormone ecdysone [2,[5][6][7]10,, as shown in Table I.Life on earth is believed to have originated some 4 billion years ago from about 30 biologically useful precursors, formed from simple inorganic matter under the influence of the cosmic energy reaching our planet. Steroids are of universal occurrence, present in the cell variously as membrane constituents, chemical messengers, vitamins, cytotoxins, and hormones [1,2]. CELLULAR FUNCTION OF STEROIDSWhereas prokaryotic transformation of steroids is rich in diversity [3], the synthesis of sterols follows two major routes in higher organisms [4]. Squalene 2,3-oxide, formed from acetate via common pathways, is cyclized either to lanosterol in non-photosynthetic eukaryotes (fungi, animals), or to cycloartenol in photosynthetic phyla [4]. Insects transform steroids and ster01s ingested during feeding [2]. Plant sterols, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids are of much biomedical value, but have no demonstrated counterparts or hormonal role in mammals [5]. Several bacterial and plant species synthesize cholesterol which is then transEarlier studies had shown that bacteria, mycoplasma (PPLO), and fungi respond to sterols and steroids in bewildering ways, ranging from vitamin-like to antimicrobial [7]. Mammalian gonadal hormones generally inhibit the growth of bacteria, in particular the Grampositive organisms [7,11]....

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Section: Cellular Function Of Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant species have been variously shown to contain glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone), progestins (progesterone), androgens (testosterone), estrogens (estradiol and estrone) and even the insect moulting hormone ecdysone [2,[5][6][7]10,, as shown in Table I.…”

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confidence: 99%

Receptors for mammalian steroid hormones in microbes and plants

Agarwal

1993

FEBS Letters

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“…The UV rays of sunlight induce the photolytic conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (a mammalian sterol) to pro-vitamin D 3 followed by thermal isomerization to vitamin D 3 [1][2][3]. Vitamin D 2 is synthesized in a similar manner from ergosterol through sunlight exposure to pro-vitamin D 2 which rapidly isomerizes to vitamin D 2 in plant and fungi [4,5]. Both vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 must be metabolized into their active forms before exerting their biological effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in rat serum using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Sudsakorn¹,

Phatarphekar

O’Shea³

et al. 2011

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Consequently, emergence of progeny was effectively reduced. Suppressed emergence may be due to terpenoids that disrupts molting and larval development and increased insect mortality (Heftmann, 1975;Slama, 1979Slama, , 1980. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides are insecticidal, feeding deterrents and toxic, together, they accounted for the suppressed emergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides (Lam) as seed protectant against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus zeamaismotsch. on stored cowpea and maize under tropical conditions

Oyewo¹,

Ogunseye²

2015

Jnl Sci Tech

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The efficacy of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides stem bark and root bark ethanol extracts as grain protectant against Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in the laboratory under ambient conditions. The root extract was more effective in controlling both insects, and it was more toxic to C. maculatus than S. zeamais. Insect mortality was dosedependent. After 24 hours, the highest dose of 50% stem extract evoked 55% and 85% mortalities in S. zeamais and C. maculatus, respectively; while 50% root extract evoked 97.5% and 100% mortalities in S. zeamais and C. maculatus, respectively. Development of eggs and immature stages within the treated seeds as well as progeny emergence significantly decreased with increasing dosage of both extracts. Emergence of C. maculatus was completely inhibited by 30% treatment of both extracts, while for S. zeamais inhibition was achieved at 40% treatment. The effect of the secondary metabolites present in Z. xanthoxyloides responsible for its efficacy is investigated and discussed. The potential use of Z. xanthoxyloides as insecticidal, feeding and oviposition deterrent to protect the stored product is discussed.

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Functions of steroids in plants

Cited by 96 publications

References 94 publications

Receptors for mammalian steroid hormones in microbes and plants

Receptors for mammalian steroid hormones in microbes and plants

Determination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in rat serum using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Evaluation of ethanolic extract of <i>Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides</i> (Lam) as seed protectant against <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> (F.) and <i>Sitophilus zeamaismotsch</i>. on stored cowpea and maize under tropical conditions

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