Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Late Adolescence: A Latent Class Analysis

Case, Julia A.C.; Burke, Taylor A.; Siegel, David M.; Piccirillo, Marilyn L.; Alloy, Lauren B.; Olino, Thomas M.

doi:10.1080/13811118.2019.1586607

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…We first investigated predictors of occurrence of current suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Our results indicate that a higher number of NSSI methods (OR = 1.81) significantly predicts lifetime suicide attempts, which is in line with previous research (e.g., (7,19). Consistent with findings from Andrewes et al (51) and Burke et al (27), higher levels of depressive symptoms significantly predict current suicidal ideation (OR = 1.09).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although emotion regulation is a prevalent function, it should be noted that not every individual engages in NSSI for this reason. Therefore, each individual functions should receive attention and should be assessed in any case (18,19). Several studies found significant associations between intrapersonal NSSI functions and suicidal ideation and attempts (4,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Suicide Function of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Female Inpatient Adolescents

2020

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Background: There have been numerous studies investigating the relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality. On the one side, NSSI is an important risk factor for suicidality, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. On the other side, it has been suggested that one function of NSSI might be as a coping mechanism that can help individuals in the short term avoid suicide. The present study investigated the relationship between suicidality and NSSI in female inpatient adolescents, focusing on NSSI as an antisuicide strategy. Methods: Subjects were 56 female adolescents, aged 12-18 years (M = 15.95 years, SD = 1.27), recruited from different inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric units. All participants fulfilled the DSM-5 research criteria for nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSI-D). To assess suicidality, NSSI-D, and current and past diagnoses, a structured clinical interview was conducted. Results: NSSI as a short-term coping strategy for avoiding suicide was indicated by one third (32.1%) of the participants. Before participants engaged in NSSI, the anti-suicide function was reported more frequently than reducing interpersonal problems (d =-.59). Getting relief from negative emotions and inducing positive feelings were reported at the same frequency as avoiding suicide before NSSI. Participants engaging in NSSI to avoid suicide and those reporting other functions did not significantly differ regarding other NSSI characteristics, suicidality, or psychopathology. Results indicate that the anti-suicide function significantly predicts the duration of current suicidal ideation (b = .557). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary support for the idea that NSSI is frequently used by female adolescents with NSSI-D to avoid suicide. Given the high co-occurrence of NSSI and suicidality, our results underline the importance of clinical assessment of suicidality and several NSSI functions, including the anti-suicide function, in adolescents with NSSI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Suicide Function of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Female Inpatient Adolescents

2020

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“… The first subgroup we identified consisted of 19.2% of young adults with a history of NSSI. This group was congruent to the ‘Experimental/Mild NSSI' group of earlier studies (Case et al, 2019; Klonsky & Olino, 2008). Individuals in this group were characterized by low‐frequency engagement in NSSI in the past year, participation in fewer methods of NSSI (compared with Class 3), low probability of a past suicide attempt and low endorsement of using NSSI to fulfil intrapersonal and interpersonal functions (compared with Classes 2 and 3) suggesting that NSSI was not part of their usual coping repertoire.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

A typology of nonsuicidal self‐injury in a clinical sample: A latent class analysis

Shahwan

Lau

Abdin

et al. 2020

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Nonsuicidal self-injury(NSSI) is a behavioural concern and can present in diverse ways, varying by method, frequency, severity, function and so forth. The possible combinations of these features of NSSI produce an array of profiles that makes evaluation and management of this behaviour challenging. The aim of this study was to build upon previous work that reduces the heterogeneity of NSSI patterns by using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify a typology of NSSI. Participants consisted of 235 outpatients aged 14-35 years attending a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore who had reported at least one NSSI behaviour within the last year. Eight indicators captured using the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation were used in the LCA: frequency of NSSI, length of contemplation before engaging in NSSI, usage of more than three NSSI methods, suicidal ideation and four psychological functions of NSSI, that is, social-positive, social-negative, automatic-positive and automatic-negative. The LCA revealed three distinct groups: Class 1-Experimental/Mild NSSI, Class 2-Multiple functions NSSI/Low Suicide Ideation and Class 3-Multiplefunctions NSSI/Possible Suicide Ideation. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between class membership and sociodemographic variables as well as measures of emotion dysregulation, childhood trauma, depression and quality of life. Females were overrepresented in Class 3. In general, Class 3 had the poorest scores followed by Class 2. Our analyses suggest that different NSSI subtypes require different treatment indications. Profiling patterns of NSSI may be a potentially useful step in guiding treatment plans and strategies.

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“…Our classification results are similar to the outcomes of previous studies based on samples of adolescents and emerging adults. In previous studies, groups with a high level of NSSI were likely to have internalizing symptoms, aimlessness, and be women (Case et al, 2020; Dhingra et al, 2016; Yang et al, 2019). Our detection of a class that rarely engaged in NSSI is similar to one of the four classes that Klonsky and Olino (2008) identified in their university students sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The other three groups were labeled “mild NSSI,” “multiple function/anxious NSSI,” and “automatic functions/suicidal.” Students in this latter class suffered from severe depressive, anxiety, and BPD symptoms, and were more likely to have previously attempted suicide. Comparable to Klonsky and Olino’s classification, Case and her colleagues (2020) identified four NSSI latent classes among undergraduates: (a) “mild/experimental NSSI,” (b) “moderate NSSI,” (c) “moderate multiple functions NSSI,” and (d) “severe NSSI.” Members of the latter class reported multiple NSSI behaviors, presented extremely high lifetime and current frequency rates of NSSI, and acknowledged pain experienced during the NSSI act. This group had the most risk factors (e.g., high level of internalizing symptoms, suicide ideation and behavior) and the lowest protective factors (e.g., high loneliness, low self-esteem) for self-harm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Latent Class Analysis of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Justice-Involved Juveniles: Association With Motivational and Emotional Aspects of Self-Harm Behavior

Reinhardt¹,

Horváth

Drubina

et al. 2021

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Significantly higher rates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been discovered among justice-involved juveniles. Our study aimed to discriminate homogeneous subgroups of justice-involved youth with different self-harm behavior characteristics based on latent class analysis. A total of 244 adolescents (92.6% boys; Mage = 16.99, SD = 1.28) in Hungarian juvenile detention centers completed measures of NSSI and dissociation. High-NSSI (Class 1; 9%), moderate-NSSI (Class 2; 42.6%), and low-NSSI (Class 3; 48.4%) profiles were detected relating to different forms of NSSI. Multiple comparisons showed that girls were members of Class 1 and 2 at higher rates and these subgroups showed significantly higher dissociation proportions than Class 3. Our findings pointed out diversity in self-harm profiles with different characteristics in terms of methods and severity of self-harm, experienced emotions, and other emotion regulation tendencies among justice-involved adolescents. These results suggest sophisticated treatment approaches to match variations in severity and presentation.

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Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Late Adolescence: A Latent Class Analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 71 publications

Anti-Suicide Function of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Female Inpatient Adolescents

Anti-Suicide Function of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Female Inpatient Adolescents

A typology of nonsuicidal self‐injury in a clinical sample: A latent class analysis

Latent Class Analysis of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Justice-Involved Juveniles: Association With Motivational and Emotional Aspects of Self-Harm Behavior

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