Functioning of the Ecological Safety System: Financial and Economic Aspects

Abstract

Summing up the results of many years of research on the effectiveness of the environmental safety system, the authors have repeatedly drawn attention to the fact that the financial and economic aspect of this process is the most vulnerable to external and internal influences. Any form of activity, from modernization of enterprises or waste sorting, involves the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies, energy efficiency measures and educational activities. Each of the identified areas will require additional funding – attracting investment. In the EU, various forms of state aid are used for this purpose – soft loans, co-financing programs and grants. Environmental taxes in the EU are set at such a level that it would be economically feasible for companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants, reduce waste, and modernize. Emphasis is placed on the need to change the system of financing environmental measures and the mechanism for allocating investments in order to introduce mechanisms for stimulating green modernization and energy efficiency in Ukraine. It is proved that this requires a change in the Ukrainian system of environmental taxation and the creation of a special fund. It can be an independent institution that will manage environmental tax funds. This will allow you to effectively use these funds for environmental measures, attract additional international resources and apply environmental solutions in production. Studies have shown that rent payments can help increase environmental and man-made security. The latter are considered as direct rent indicators and ancillary characteristics that allow to determine the relationship between rent and current development indicators. A balanced rent policy (distribution of fiscal and investment payments) will create a system of reserves that can be used to overcome the problems associated with ensuring a sufficient level of environmental security. The possibilities of finding and attracting private capital in this area are also considered. The introduction of various forms of public-private partnership (PPP) is expedient here, which allows to widely use the opportunities of private capital in solving many problems not only in the production of public goods and public services, production of natural monopolies, but also guaranteeing natural resources. man-made and environmental safety.