Functioned catalysts with magnetic core applied in ibuprofen degradation

Abstract

In the present work, the performance of Ag/ZnO/CoFe2O4 magnetic photocatalysts in the photocatalytic degradation of Ibuprofen (IBP) was evaluated. This study considered the use of pure Ag/ZnO (5% Ag) and also use the Ag/ZnO/CoFe2O4 magnetic catalysts containing different amounts (5, 10 and 15% wt) of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoacoustic Spectroscopy. To carried the photocatalytic degradation reaction, different concentrations of the ibuprofen contaminant solution (10, 20 and 30 ppm) and different concentrations of photocatalyst were tested (0.3 gL−1, 0.5 gL−1 and 1.0 gL−1). The reaction parameters studied were: IBP concentration, catalyst concentration, adsorption and photolysis, influence of the matrix, radiation source (solar and artificial) and the effect of organic additive. At the end of the photocatalytic tests, the best operation conditions were defined. Considering the obtained results of degradation efficiency and magnetic separation, the optimal parameters selected to proceed with the other tests of the study were: ibuprofen solution concentration 10 ppm, Ag/ZnO/CoFe2O4(5%) catalyst at a concentration of 0.3 g L−1 and pH 4.5 of the reaction medium. The results indicated the feasibility of magnetic separation of the synthesized catalysts. A long duration test indicated that the catalyst exhibits stability throughout the degradation reaction, as more than 80% of ibuprofen was degraded after 300 minutes. The photocatalytic activity was directly affected by the ferrite load. The higher the nominal load of ferrite, the lower the performance in ibuprofen degrading. It was also observed that the smallest amount of ferrite studied was enough for the catalyst to be recovered and reused. The adsorption and photolysis tests did not show significant results in the IBP degradation. In addition, it was possible to verify that the aqueous matrix, the use of solar radiation and the addition of additive (acid formic) interfered direct in the process. The catalyst reuse tests indicated that it can be recovered and reused at least three times without considerable catalytic activity loss.

Pharmaceutical compounds photolysis: pH influence

“…The entire apparatus described was located inside a metallic photocatalysis chamber. The photodegradation of each drug was studied separately, using four different solutions with the following initial concentrations: 5 mg L −1 of ASA, 10 mg L −1 of IBU, 10 mg L −1 of PAR and 50 mg.L −1 of SA [ 10 , 11 ]. Different pH conditions were studied (3, 5, 7 or 9), and the pH of the solution was adjusted with addition of HCl or NaOH solutions.…”

Recent advances in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using metal oxides and carbonaceous materials as photocatalysts: a review

“…Lenzi et al 323 showed that the photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen (10 ppm) solution (pH: 7) by 0.3 g L −1 of Ag/ ZnO/CoFe 2 O 4 (5 wt%) exhibited removal efficiencies of 80% and 47% under artificial and solar radiation, respectively. These studies also confirmed the recovery and reuse of the catalyst after 3 cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.…”

“…In view of this, several studies have been made using metal oxide and graphitic material related photocatalysts to make wastewater free from ibuprofen. 293–357…”

Green Magnetic Nanoparticles CoFe2O4@Nb5O2 Applied in Paracetamol Removal

“…Methodi Ordinatio classified 211 articles, and the InOrdinatio value ranged from −12.79 to 579.75, when we used 10, 8, and 8 for ∆, λ, and Ω values, respectively. The main keywords that appear in the articles were: ferrite (97); magnetic (80); cobalt (65); nanoparticle (37); degradation (35); catalyst (30); photocatalysis (28); oxide (27); dye (25); CoFeO (24); heterogeneous (22); and nanocomposites (22) (Figure 1). Another relevant bibliometric analysis is about the years of publication of the more significant InOrdinatio articles, 63% of the publications are concentrated between 2019 and 2023, Figure 2a.…”

“…Cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) is one of the most relevant ferrites due to its peculiar properties, such as high physical and chemical stability [16][17][18]. This material finds application in magnetosensitive systems [19,20], removal of pollutants from water [21][22][23][24], drug delivery [25,26], and acid mine drainage treatment [27].…”