Functionally reproductive diploid and haploid males in an inbreeding hymenopteran with complementary sex determination

Cowan, David P.; Stahlhut, Julie K.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0402481101

Cited by 102 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Diploid males of the related C. glomerata also produce diploid sperm (Zhou et al, 2006) but it has not been determined whether females of this species mate with diploid males and produce triploid offspring. With the exception of E. foraminatus (Cowan and Stahlhut, 2004), diploid males of all species that have been studied so far produce diploid sperm and triploid progeny, if any (for example, Hoshiba et al, 1981;Chauvin et al, 1987;Yamauchi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all these cases, diploid males do not produce any fertile offspring and it has thus generally been accepted that diploid males are a reproductive dead end in species with CSD. However, Cowan and Stahlhut (2004) recently showed that diploid males of the vespid wasp Euodynerus foraminatus are fertile. They produce diploid female offspring when crossed with an unrelated diploid female, possibly because the reduction division during spermatogenesis is restored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diploid males sire triploid daughters and sons in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis

et al. 2007

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In the Hymenoptera, males develop as haploids from unfertilized eggs and females develop as diploids from fertilized eggs. In species with complementary sex determination (CSD), however, diploid males develop from zygotes that are homozygous at a highly polymorphic sex locus or loci. We investigated mating behavior and reproduction of diploid males of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis (C. plutellae), for which we recently demonstrated CSD. We show that the behavior of diploid males of C. vestalis is similar to that of haploid males, when measured as the proportion of males that display wing fanning, and the proportion of males that mount a female. Approximately 29% of diploid males sired daughters, showing their ability to produce viable sperm that can fertilize eggs. Females mated to diploid males produced all-male offspring more frequently (71%) than females mated to haploid males (27%). Daughter-producing females that had mated to diploid males produced more male-biased sex ratios than females mated to haploid males. All daughters of diploid males were triploid and sterile. Three triploid sons were also found among the offspring of diploid males. It has been suggested that this scenario, that is, diploid males mating with females and constraining them to the production of haploid sons, has a large negative impact on population growth rate and secondary sex ratio. Selection for adaptations to reduce diploid male production in natural populations is therefore likely to be strong. We discuss different scenarios that may reduce the sex determination load in C. vestalis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diploid males sire triploid daughters and sons in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis

et al. 2007

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“…Heterozygotes at the CSD locus develop into diploid females; however, when homozygous at this locus, instead of females, diploid males (2N males) are produced from fertilized eggs (Unruh and Messing 1993;Zayed et al 2004;van Wilgenburg et al 2006). Although, several recent studies have shown that 2N males are viable (Cowan and Stahlhut 2004;Elias et al 2009;Harpur et al 2013), they usually exhibit low fitness (Unruh and Messing 1993) and are thus considered very costly to populations of haplodiploid insects (Crozier 1977;Unruh and Messing 1993;Beye et al 2003;Heimpel and de Boer 2008;Zayed 2009;Harpur et al 2013). In addition, considering that for each diploid male produced a functional female ceases to be raised, diploid males inflict a significant cost on the reproductive success of their parents (Unruh and Messing 1993;Zayed and Packer 2005;Zayed 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid bees: a new assessment on the rarity of diploid males in populations of this group of Neotropical pollinators

et al. 2015

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-The incidence of diploid males among 1457 individuals of different populations of six euglossine bee species (Eufriesea violacea , Eulaema cingulata , Euglossa annectans , Euglossa iopoecila , Euglossa pleosticta and Euglossa truncata ) was investigated with microsatellite markers. Bees were surveyed in Atlantic Forest fragments showing different sizes and degrees of human interference. Our analyses revealed that, although the frequencies of diploid males remained below 10 % for five out of six species studied, the frequencies of these males in three populations of Eg. annectans were above 15.0 %. For this species, while the average estimate of diploid males was around 11.0 %, the highest percentage (27 %) of such males was found for the population from an island. Our findings indicate that the frequency of diploid males can vary substantially among species and this fact should be taking into consideration in studies and conservation actions involving different euglossine bees. microsatellites / Euglossini / euglossine bees / Euglossa annectans / forest fragments

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“…First, in all but one studied species [5], diploid males are inviable or sterile [6][7][8][9], the latter associated with underdeveloped testes and/or production of diploid sperm [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Second, studies in ants showed that diploid males are usually larger than their normal haploid counterparts [8,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ploidy and sex-locus genotype on gene expression patterns in the fire antSolenopsis invicta

et al. 2014

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Males in many animal species differ greatly from females in morphology, physiology and behaviour. Ants, bees and wasps have a haplodiploid mechanism of sex determination whereby unfertilized eggs become males while fertilized eggs become females. However, many species also have a low frequency of diploid males, which are thought to develop from diploid eggs when individuals are homozygous at one or more sex determination loci. Diploid males are morphologically similar to haploids, though often larger and typically sterile. To determine how ploidy level and sex-locus genotype affect gene expression during development, we compared expression patterns between diploid males, haploid males and females (queens) at three developmental timepoints in Solenopsis invicta. In pupae, gene expression profiles of diploid males were very different from those of haploid males but nearly identical to those of queens. An unexpected shift in expression patterns emerged soon after adult eclosion, with diploid male patterns diverging from those of queens to resemble those of haploid males, a pattern retained in older adults. The finding that ploidy level effects on early gene expression override sex effects (including genes implicated in sperm production and pheromone production/perception) may explain diploid male sterility and lack of worker discrimination against them during development.

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Functionally reproductive diploid and haploid males in an inbreeding hymenopteran with complementary sex determination

Cited by 102 publications

References 58 publications

Diploid males sire triploid daughters and sons in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis

Diploid males sire triploid daughters and sons in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis

Orchid bees: a new assessment on the rarity of diploid males in populations of this group of Neotropical pollinators

Effects of ploidy and sex-locus genotype on gene expression patterns in the fire antSolenopsis invicta

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