Functionally graded aluminum reinforced with quasicrystal approximant phases – Improving the wear resistance at high temperatures

Ferreira, Tales; Koga, Guilherme Yuuki; Oliveira, Ivanir Luiz de; Kiminami, Cláudio Shyinti; Botta, Walter José

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203507

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The directional solidification process allows elements to be created from the melt in the one-step process; there is intrinsic thermodynamic stability and chemical compatibility between the matrix and reinforcements, and the microstructure can be managed over a wide range, from well aligned lamellae to finely dispersed particles or fibres, by adjusting the solidification conditions. In recent years, several articles have been published on the directional sedimentation process [200] for fabrication of FGMs [201][202][203][204].…”

Section: Directional Solidification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally graded materials (FGMs): A review of classifications, fabrication methods and their applications

Mohammadi

Rajabi

Ghadiri

2021

PAC

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are new materials whose properties change gradually in respect to their dimensions. This group of materials shows a tremendous improvement of previously used composite materials. FGM consists of two or more materials whose combination enables the achievement of specified properties in accordance with the desired application. The article gives an overview of different classifications, various fabrication methods and applications of the FGMs. It could also provide insight and perspective for researchers, university students and research and development teams since it has brought together diverse aspects of FGMs. As mentioned in section two, we took all FGMs fabrication methods under consideration, giving the reader an insight into how to make a product while satisfying the conditions of financial and mechanical efficiency. The classification section specifically goes over structures, types of gradients, sizes/scales, state of matter and finishes with the manufacturing processes. Section two deep dives into the fabrication methods used in the FGMs, which are divided into three sub-sections, including gas-based, liquid-based and solid-based. Lastly, various applications of the FGMs in different fields and industries, namely aerospace, energy, medicine, military, manufacturing and eventually other applications, are demonstrated.

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Section: Directional Solidification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally graded materials (FGMs): A review of classifications, fabrication methods and their applications

Mohammadi

Rajabi

Ghadiri

2021

PAC

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“…Aluminum based alloys are being increasingly studied in this regard owing to their high strength to weight ratio and decent thermal properties. 4 A number of ceramic reinforcements such as SiC, Al 2 O 3 , TiC, B 4 C, Si 3 N 4 etc. are introduced in Aluminum matrices to arrive at a favorable combination of mechanical and tribological properties in the final composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Cast iron is the current favorite for engine blocks in modern passenger vehicles. 4 However, cast iron adds to the weight of the engine blocks and the overall energy consumption. The weight of a steel forged cam shaft is about 3200 g while as Aluminum based cam shaft weighs about 1500–1700 g .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological investigations on piston alloy based hybrid nano composite and GGG40 spheroidal cast iron under reciprocating dry sliding conditions

Nisar,

Charoo

2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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GGG40 spheroidal cast iron is commonly used in engine blocks of passenger vehicles. However, it adds to the weight and wear of the engine block thereby costing us more energy. In this paper, fabrication and tribological investigations are carried out on dual particle sized hybrid nano composites to examine their potential to replace conventional GGG40 in engine applications. The SiC single and SiC-Si3N4+Gr dual sized ceramic reinforcements are introduced in piston alloy-Al6061 alloy through liquid metallurgy route. The tribological properties of GGG40 under reciprocating dry sliding conditions are also studied and compared to the fabricated composites. At 10 N, GGG40 shows 0.6714 coefficient of friction while it is 0.424 for the hybrid composite (decreased by 51.74%). At 25 N, coefficient of friction for hybrid composites comes out to be 0.4732 which is 26.11% less than GGG40 for which it is 0.5955. Wear rate for hybrid composites at 10 N is 4.71 × 10–6 mm3/Nm which is 62.71% less than the wear rate of GGG40 which is 20.2 × 10–6 mm3/Nm. At 25 N, the fabricated composites show wear rate equal to 9.41 × 10–6 mm3/Nm which is 16.5% less than GGG40 which shows 11.7 × 10–6 mm3/Nm wear rate. Micro sized SiC with nano sized Si3N4 generate a compact and smooth tribo film on the surface of base alloy with graphite further adding to the durability of the tribo film. The fabricated composites can be the good replacement of conventional GGG40 in automobile applications.

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“…Selvam et al (10) conducted experiments at elevated temperatures using a pin-on-disc (POD)test rig for characterizing the tribo response of flyash-aluminium 6061 compositesThe mechanism of wear in case of aluminium alloy was found to be adhesion and large scale plastic deformation and whereas in the case of composite, the mechanism was adhesion, plastic deformation, and oxidation. Ferreira et al (11) conducted experiment at normal with elevated temperature using sphere-on -plate test rig for evaluating tribo response of functionally graded aluminium. The graded aluminium showed two distinct metallurgicallybonded layers called A and B. Layer A was consisting of Al-matrix reinforced by 53.4 vol% of hard quasi crystal α-Al 12 (Fe,Mn,Cr) 3 Si which was homogeneously distributed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Change in the Apparent Contact Area, Temperature and Vacuum on Tribo Response of Al6061 and EN8 Pair

Vinay¹,

Ranganatha²,

Nagaral³

2021

IJST

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Objective: Aluminium and its alloys components are used in aero and space industries where in many cases trioboloading prevails. In space application, in addition to triboloading, the components should also perform in the absence of atmosphere. In the present investigation, attempted has been made to simulate the field conditions in the laboratory by sliding Al6061 alloy pin of different diameters in a vacuum at different temperatures using a vertically configured pin-on-disc test rig. Method: The pin diameters were 2, 4, and 6mm and the testing temperatures were 373, 473, and 573K. The normal contact pressure was 0.625MPa and the sliding speed was 0.5ms-1 and both were constant throughout the experiment. The coefficient of friction was monitored using a PC and the worn pin surface was studied in scanning-electronmicroscope. Findings: The result showed that the coefficient of friction at sliding temperatures 373 and 473K was found to be dependent on apparent contact area i.e., pin diameters 2, 4, and 6mm. The coefficient of friction was found to be 3.27 and 2.69 for pin diameter 2mm at temperature 373 and 473K whereas the coefficient of friction was of the range 1.36 to 0.33 for the pin of diameter 4 and 6mm. The scanning-electron-microscopic study revealed uniform plastic deformation for pin diameter of 2mm and non-uniform plastic deformation accompanied with abrasion extrusion phenomenon for the pin of diameters 4 and 6mm. The coefficient of friction at sliding temperature 573K was found to be insensitive to the apparent contact area. The coefficient of friction was in the range of 1.24 to 2.30. The SEM study revealed a large scale of non-uniform plastic deformation accompanied by abrasion, tearing of ridges, extrusion of both ridges, and entrapped wear debris. Novelty: It is a generic study for understanding the response of aluminium for tribo loading which.

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Functionally graded aluminum reinforced with quasicrystal approximant phases – Improving the wear resistance at high temperatures

Cited by 11 publications

References 70 publications

Functionally graded materials (FGMs): A review of classifications, fabrication methods and their applications

Functionally graded materials (FGMs): A review of classifications, fabrication methods and their applications

Tribological investigations on piston alloy based hybrid nano composite and GGG40 spheroidal cast iron under reciprocating dry sliding conditions

Influence of Change in the Apparent Contact Area, Temperature and Vacuum on Tribo Response of Al6061 and EN8 Pair

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