Functionally Graded Adhesively Bonded Joints

Apalak, M. Kemal

doi:10.1002/9781119162346.ch3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Although the concept of FGMs is new, a large number of research studies have been carried out, and this field continues to expand fast [12,13]. Today, this concept can also be implemented to reduce stress concentrations appearing along the adherend-adhesive interfaces of the adhesive joints serving under static, dynamic, and thermal loads, i.e., use of functionally graded adherends and adhesives [14]. The stress distribution and peak stress levels can be controlled by tailoring one-or two-dimensional composition variation of adherends as well as an adhesive with one or more other constituents [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, this concept can also be implemented to reduce stress concentrations appearing along the adherend-adhesive interfaces of the adhesive joints serving under static, dynamic, and thermal loads, i.e., use of functionally graded adherends and adhesives [14]. The stress distribution and peak stress levels can be controlled by tailoring one-or two-dimensional composition variation of adherends as well as an adhesive with one or more other constituents [14][15][16]. This method is especially helpful for relieving thermal stresses due to thermal loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New theoretical analyses propose the use of a continuous adhesive grading, such as for modulus or coefficient of thermal expansion, along one or two coordinate directions of the adhesive material, and indicate that the improved strength of adhesive joints can be achieved by controlling stress concentrations with an existing optimum material grading rule [14,15]. Nevertheless, the material grading distribution rules are not practical right now for production purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Stress Formation in a Functionally Graded Al2O3-Adhesive Single Lap Joint Subjected to a Uniform Temperature Field

Apalak

Reddy

2023

MCA

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This study investigates the strain and stress states in an aluminum single lap joint bonded with a functionally graded Al2O3 micro particle reinforced adhesive layer subjected to a uniform temperature field. Navier equations of elasticity theory were designated by considering the spatial derivatives of Lamé constants and the coefficient of thermal expansion for local material composition. The set of partial differential equations and mechanical boundary conditions for a two-dimensional model was reduced to a set of linear equations by means of the central finite difference approximation at each grid point of a discretized joint. The through-thickness Al2O3-adhesive composition was tailored by the functional grading concept, and the mechanical and thermal properties of local adhesive composition were predicted by Mori–Tanaka’s homogenization approach. The adherend–adhesive interfaces exhibited sharp discontinuous thermal stresses, whereas the discontinuous nature of thermal strains along bi-material interfaces can be moderated by the gradient power index, which controls the through-thickness variation of particle amount in the local adhesive composition. The free edges of the adhesive layer were also critical due to the occurrence of high normal and shear strains and stresses. The gradient power index can influence the distribution and levels of strain and stress components only for a sufficiently high volume fraction of particles. The grading direction of particles in the adhesive layer was not influential because the temperature field is uniform; namely, it can only upturn the low and high strain and stress regions so that the neat adhesive–adherend interface and the particle-rich adhesive–adherend interface can be relocated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Stress Formation in a Functionally Graded Al2O3-Adhesive Single Lap Joint Subjected to a Uniform Temperature Field

Apalak

Reddy

2023

MCA

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“…A graded layer is an inhomogeneous material in which the constituent particles of two base materials are mixed in a specific pattern to maximize the desired performance. 4–6 Naturally, FGMs are an inhomogeneous one with the spatially varying material properties which are characterized by the continuity and functionality. Besides the reduction of stress concentration, the material concept of FGM rapidly and continuously spread throughout engineering and fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved crack analysis of two-dimensional functionally graded materials by enriched natural element method

Cho

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The numerical calculation of stress intensity factors of two-dimensional functionally graded materials is introduced by an enriched Petrov–Galerkin natural element method (enriched PG-NEM). The overall trial displacement field is basically approximated in terms of Laplace interpolation functions and it is enriched by the near-tip asymptotic displacement field. The overall strain and stress fields which were approximated by PG-NEM were smoothened and enhanced by the patch recovery. The modified interaction integral [Formula: see text] is used to evaluate the stress intensity factors of functionally graded materials with the spatially varying elastic modulus. The validity of present method is justified through the evaluation of crack-tip stress distributions and the stress intensity factors of four numerical examples. It has been found that the proposed method effectively and successfully captures the near-tip stress singularity with a remarkably improved accuracy, even with the remarkably coarse grid, when compared with an extremely fine grid and the analytical and numerical reference solutions.

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“…In many studies have focused thermo-elastic or plastic stress analyses on the one-or two-dimensional functionally graded plates, and these structures are assumed as a functionally graded composition variation through the thickness (Apalak and bagci, 2011;Apalak, 2014;Nimje and Panigrahi, 2017). Nowadays, fuel cell technology applies successfully FGMs to solid oxide fuel cells in order to reduce thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between electrolyte and anode examined inclusively five categories of fuel cells, and related studies (Iwasawa et al, 1997;Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Residual Stresses Analyses of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Circular Plates with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties

Demirbaş¹,

Apalak²

2018

Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma Ve Gelistirme Dergisi

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In this study, thermal residual stress analysis of Functionally Graded Circular Plates joined with adhesive (FGCP-A) is presented. Finite difference equations are used in solving Navier's equations of elasticity and heat transfer. The grading along the plate is made along the surface of the plate. Material properties of the plate are investigated depending on the temperature dependent/independent and it is assumed that the temperature independent material properties changed according to the MoriTanaka approach. Grading along the plate is made in both radial and angular directions. In this study, the effects of temperature dependent/independent material properties and compositional gradient exponents on temperature, equivalent strain and equivalent stress are compared. As a result, when considering the properties of the material depending on the temperature, the temperature, equivalent stress and strain distributions and levels vary considerably. Therefore, the properties of the material dependent on the temperature must be taken into consideration in the analysis of thermal residual stress of materials used as high temperature material.

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Functionally Graded Adhesively Bonded Joints

Cited by 8 publications

References 91 publications

Thermal Stress Formation in a Functionally Graded Al2O3-Adhesive Single Lap Joint Subjected to a Uniform Temperature Field

Thermal Stress Formation in a Functionally Graded Al2O3-Adhesive Single Lap Joint Subjected to a Uniform Temperature Field

Improved crack analysis of two-dimensional functionally graded materials by enriched natural element method

Thermal Residual Stresses Analyses of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Circular Plates with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties

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