Functionalizing Nanoparticles with Biological Molecules: Developing Chemistries that Facilitate Nanotechnology

Sapsford, Kim E.; Algar, W. Russ; Berti, Lorenzo; Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Casey, Brendan J.; Oh, Eunkeu; Stewart, Michael H.; Medintz, Igor L.

doi:10.1021/cr300143v

Cited by 1,230 publications

(1,195 citation statements)

References 2,042 publications

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“…Further, size and hydrodynamic diameter of the final hydrophilic QD is highly dependent on which hydrophilization strategy is used. Ligand exchange provides QDs with a small hydrodynamic diameter but typically lower PL QY, while encapsulation results in larger sizes with higher QY [29]. The final size of watersoluble QDs determines their application.…”

Section: Hydrophilization Of Qdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-covalent binding is determined by hydrophobic, electrostatic, or affinity interactions between biomolecules (e.g. Ig) and the QD surface; covalent linkage is obtained via different bioconjugation chemistry using activated functional groups at the surface of QDs [29,30]. The ability to conjugate QDs to biomolecules was first performed by Bruchez [31] and Chan [32] in 1998 and has since been greatly exploited in a variety of imaging, immunoassays, and DNA sequencing techniques.…”

Section: Bioconjugationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy results in non-selective binding of molecules and does not depend upon any functional attachment [12].The simplest and most widely used non-covalent bioconjugation approach is electrostatic attachment because it requires no chemical reactions per se. The principle behind electrostatic interaction between QDs and small molecules or biomolecules is the attraction between oppositely charged species [29]. Since this bioconjugation often requires only stoichiometric mixing of the two components, they are typically referred to as self-assembly.…”

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors such as ionic strength, pH, and the type and magnitude of charge play an important role in obtaining the desired conjugates. The stability of the QD-bioconjugates can be improved by incorporating more charged groups at the QD surface, which also allows to work with lower concentration of biomolecules [29,30]. Other reported drawbacks are the difficulty to quantify the non-specific interaction and thus the 'QDs to protein ratio' and orientation of attached biomolecules cannot be controlled [12].…”

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

Foubert

Beloglazova

Rajković

et al. 2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

117

110

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Nowadays luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are widely applied in different areas due to their unique optical properties. QDs can be used as photoluminescent labels with excellent possibilities for high-throughput detection and diagnostics. For most of such applications QDs must be coupled to biomolecules, which often represents a fundamental challenge. Although QDs have a lot of advantages over organic dyes, most of the techniques that have been developed for QD functionalization and bioconjugation, are more complicated than the corresponding techniques for organic fluorescent dyes. Here, the importance of choosing a suitable bioconjugation strategy in different applications, such as imaging and assays is described. The main goal of this review is to give a structured and detailed overview and comparison of the most widely used conjugation strategies in function of the active groups (carboxyl, amine, thiol, epoxy, hydroxyl and aldehyde groups) present on QD surface.

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Section: Hydrophilization Of Qdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioconjugationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

Foubert

Beloglazova

Rajković

et al. 2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

117

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At a first glance, a strong interaction is desirable to maintain stability while the system remains in the bloodstream until reaching the target cells, being internalized and escaping from the endosome if necessary. However, once in the cytosol the siRNA needs to be capable of being incorporated into the RISC complex to initiate the interference mechanism, so it should be completely or partially released from the carrier [81].…”

Section: Functionalization Of Inorganic Nanoparticles With Sirnamentioning

confidence: 99%

15 years on siRNA delivery: Beyond the State-of-the-Art on inorganic nanoparticles for RNAi therapeutics

et al. 2015

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RNAi has always captivated scientists due to its tremendous power to modulate the phenotype of living organisms. This natural and powerful biological mechanism can now be harnessed to downregulate specific gene expression in diseased cells; opening up endless opportunities. Since most of the conventional siRNA delivery methods are limited by a narrow therapeutic index and significant side and off-target effects, we are now in the dawn of a new age in gene therapy driven by nanotechnology vehicles for RNAi therapeutics. Here, we outlook the "do's and dont's" of the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 REVIEW NANO TODAY 2 inorganic RNAi nanomaterials developed in the last 15 years and the different strategies employed are compared and scrutinized, offering important suggestions for the next 15. *Manuscript Click here to view linked References

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Polymers for Surface‐Functionalization and Biocompatibility of Inorganic Nanocrystals

Palui

Wang

Aldeek

et al. 2013

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Hybrid nanomaterials combining inorganic nanostructures with organic molecules such as polymers and biomolecules offer flexible platforms with size‐ and composition‐tunable properties. These materials have shown promising use in an array of applications ranging from optical devices to biologically active platforms, facilitating important functions such as sensing, imaging, and as diagnostic tools. One of the key requirements to the integration of these inorganic nanostructures into biology is the ability to effectively control and tune their interfaces with the surrounding media. Block copolymers provide versatile molecules with dimensions comparable to those of the inorganic nanostructures and the ability to chemically tune their properties and behavior (solubility and such) over multiple length scales. Amphiphilic polymers have been used by several groups as ligands or/and capsules to promote the transfer of a variety of inorganic nanomaterials (Au nanoparticles, magnetic nanocrystals, and semiconducting nanocrystals) to buffer media and to render them biocompatible. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent developments using various amphiphilic polymers to interface inorganic nanocrystals with biological media. We start with a brief description of the most common routes for growing a few representative high quality nanocrystals of semiconductors (ie, quantum dots), metal, and metal oxide materials. We then discuss the strategies to solubilize those nanocrystals in buffer media using amphiphilic polymers and provide a few representative examples where these hydrophilic platforms have been used as sensors and imaging probes.

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Functionalizing Nanoparticles with Biological Molecules: Developing Chemistries that Facilitate Nanotechnology

Cited by 1,230 publications

References 2,042 publications

Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

15 years on siRNA delivery: Beyond the State-of-the-Art on inorganic nanoparticles for RNAi therapeutics

Polymers for Surface‐Functionalization and Biocompatibility of Inorganic Nanocrystals

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