Functionalized spirooxindole-indolizine hybrids: Stereoselective green synthesis and evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect involving TNF-α and nitrite inhibition

An expeditious and environmentally benign synthesis of dispiro-3-phenylpyrrolothiazoles in ACI/EG eutectic mixture and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against urinary tract pathogens

“…Among the various solvent medium, our recent research [29, 31] heads-up us to utilize ACI/EG eutectic mixture as a green solvent reaction medium and it furnished dispiro-3-phenylpyrrolothiazole 4a in excellent yield of 89% in short reaction time at 50 °C. As eutectic mixture possesses similar physio-chemical properties as ionic liquids [32], the rationale for the formation of spirocycloadduct follows the same pathway as in ionic liquids [33, 34]. Optimization of the reactions in room temperature and 50 °C were compared and presented in Table 1.…”

Transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of spirooxindoles

“…Several natural products such as horsfiline, 1 alantrypinone, 2 elacomine and isoelacomine 3 contain spirooxindole framework in their structure. Spirooxindoles have wide applications as anti-cancer, 4,5 anti-inflammatory, 6 anti-microbial, 7,8 anti-oxidant, 9,10 anti-viral, 11 and anti-malarial 12 agents ( Fig. 1 ).…”

TCCA-mediated oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines: facile access to spirooxindoles and the total synthesis of (±)-coerulescine and (±)-horsfiline

“… 1 The unique three-dimensional spiro system may be the main cause for the bioactivities of spirooxindoles. 1,2 Especially, spirooxindoles have been considered to exhibit antitumor, 3 antimicrobial, 4 antioxidant, 5 anti-inflammatory, 6 antiviral 1 a and other bioactivities. Moreover, many of their derivatives have been extensively used in clinical trials, 7 and some representative examples of bioactive spirooxindoles are depicted in Fig.…”