Functionalized Non-vascular Nitinol Stent via Electropolymerized Polydopamine Thin Film Coating Loaded with Bortezomib Adjunct to Hyperthermia Therapy

Abstract

Gastrointestinal malignancies have been a tremendous problem in the medical field and cover a wide variety of parts of the system, (i.e. esophagus, duodenum, intestines, and rectum). Usually, these malignancies are treated with palliation with the use of non-vascular nitinol stents. However, stenting is not a perfect solution for these problems. While it can enhance the quality of life of the patient, in time the device will encounter problems such as re-occlusion due to the rapid growth of the tumor. In this study, we propose a functionalization technique using electropolymerization of polydopamine directly onto the nitinol stent struts for the combined application of hyperthermia and chemotherapy. The coating was characterized using FESEM, XPS, and FT-IR. Drug release studies show that facile release of the anticancer drug BTZ from the surface of the polydopamine-coated stent could be achieved by the dissociation between catechol groups of polydopamine and the boronic acid functionality of BTZ in a pH-dependent manner. The anti-cancer property was also evaluated, and cytotoxicity on ESO26 and SNU-5 cancer cell lines were observed. Our results suggest that the introduced approach can be considered as a potential method for therapeutic stent application.

Multiple myeloma cells are exceptionally sensitive to heat shock, which overwhelms their proteostasis network and induces apoptosis

“…Not surprisingly, promoting protein unfolding in myeloma cell lines with increased temperatures (even by only 2°C) and inhibiting degradation with BTZ synergistically triggered PARP cleavage and apoptosis. Although heat shock and BTZ were also reported to have additive toxicities in certain nonmyeloma cells (45)(46)(47), the synergistic killing was much more pronounced for the five myeloma lines (Fig. 4B) than for the seven nonmyeloma lines studied here (SI Appendix, Fig.…”

Supramolecular Caffeic Acid and Bortezomib Nanomedicine: Prodrug Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibiting Cancer Cell Survival

“…The chemical structure of CA comprises a carboxyl group and a catechol moiety, which can serve as a drug-conjugating site for bortezomib (BTZ). BTZ is a synthetic anticancer drug that inhibits NF-κB by binding to the 26S proteasome of cancer cells with high affinity and specificity, thereby resulting in reduced protein degradation tagging and apoptosis [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. BTZ can complement the use of caffeic acid by virtue of inhibition of the survival mechanism of the cell, while CA creates intracellular DNA and protein damage via the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

UV Light Assisted Coating Method of Polyphenol Caffeic Acid and Mediated Immobilization of Metallic Silver Particles for Antibacterial Implant Surface Modification

“…To address this, several studies have attempted to improve the antibacterial capability of titanium via surface modification and coating using functional materials such as polymeric coating [23,24,25]. Many studies have explored several surface coatings, examples of which are the use of catechol-containing moieties such as multiple 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) derived from mussels, which strongly binds to proteins and is capable of surface coating functionalization, and the development of a special wetting surface [26,27,28]. In our study, we used poly-caffeic acid (PCA), which is a naturally derived phenolic compound that can form a multifunctional coating on various substrates by polymerization under a mild alkali condition.…”