Functionalized h‐BN Nanosheets as a Theranostic Platform for SERS Real‐Time Monitoring of MicroRNA and Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Traditional therapeutic and diagnostic tools exhibit serious side effects, poor selectivity, and sensitivity. Herein, a multifunctional CuPc@HG@BN theranostic platform composed of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BNNS), conjugated DNA oligonucleotide, and copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) was developed in which the CuPc molecule played double key roles in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as well as in situ monitoring and imaging of miR‐21 by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Owing to the designed circle amplification of miRNA and high SERS effects of CuPc on h‐BNNS, miR‐21 responsive concentration was achieved as low as 0.7 fm in live cells. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the integrated nanoplatform showed remarkable enhancement in PDT efficiency with minimized damage to the normal tissues. The developed probe was also successfully utilized for early monitoring and guiding the early therapy, realizing tumor elimination.

Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering on 2D Nanomaterials: Recent Developments and Applications†

“…Using adsorbed molecules of the SERS probe as an agent for therapy, our group developed a multifunctional CuPc@HG@BN theranostic SERS platform composed of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BNNS), conjugated DNA oligonucleotide (HG) and CuPc molecule (Figure 6). [ 90 ] Here, CuPc played a dual key role in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and SERS in situ monitoring and imaging of miR‐21. Due to the designed circle amplification of miRNA and high SERS effects of CuPc on h‐BNNS, the responsive concentration of miR‐21 was as low as 0.7 fM in live cells.…”

Shedding Light on DNA‐Based Nanoprobes for Live‐Cell MicroRNA Imaging

“…[11b,63] They form complexes with nucleic acids to neutralize the negative charge of nucleic acids and weaken the electrostatic repulsion to the cell membrane. [64] The commercially produced cationic liposomes, such as lipofectamine, supply a convenience for probe sequences delivery since they are simple to operation, cost-effective WSe 2 nanosheet Electrostatic interaction and π−π interaction Surface perfluorination [48] Carbon nitride nanosheet π−π interaction Folate (FA)-Poly A [49] Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets π−π interaction [50] Graphene oxide nanosheet π−π interaction [51] MoS 2 QDs Van der Waals force [52] SiC QDs Van der Waals force PEG [53] Graphene QDs Specific adsorption and π−π interaction PEG and polylactic acid [54] SnO 2 NPs Van der Waals force and hydrophobic interactions DL-PEG2000-FA and DL-PEG 2000 -SPDP-MB [35] Au@PDA NPs π−π interaction and hydrogen bonding [55] UCNP Electrostatic interaction Cationic polymer (poly-lysine) [56] Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) Disulfde bond (SS) SH [15] ZIF-8 NPs Electrostatic interaction [57] Gold-nanodot-decorated hollow carbon nanospheres (AuHCNs), Specific adsorption and π−π interaction Hyaluronic acid (HA) [58] Au NPs and Au NDs AuS bond [59] Au NRs Electrostatic interaction PEI-SH [60] Au nanocages AuS bond BSA [61] and high-performance for sophisticated detection systems. For instance, Wang et al developed a proteinase-free and nanomaterials-free replicated hybridization chain reaction (R-HCR) machinery using the cross-invasion of HCR and DNAzyme catalysis for miRNA detection.…”

Recent advances in applications of nanoparticles in SERS in vivo imaging

“…CuPc molecules played key roles as both PDT agents and Raman reporter molecules for the monitoring and imaging of miR‐21, which is the target miRNA in a variety of cancers, especially in BC. This theranostic platform showed ultrahigh miR‐21 responsive sensitivity in tumor and remarkable PDT efficiency both in vitro and in vivo (J. Liu, Zheng, & Tian, 2019).…”