Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers

Wong, Alexis; Wright, David W.; Conrad, Joseph A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7740-8_38-1

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In our study, we investigated the catalytic properties of the fabricated gold SPIONs (Figure 4). Functionalized AuNPs are the most prevalent gold surface biomarker detection platform [104]. The initial experimental characterization of AuNPs has been carried out in our previous study [105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing

Uhlirova¹,

Staňková²,

Docekalova³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Background: Sarcosine is an amino acid that is formed by methylation of glycine and is present in trace amounts in the body. Increased sarcosine concentrations in blood plasma and urine are manifested in sarcosinemia and in some other diseases such as prostate cancer. For this purpose, sarcosine detection using the nanomedicine approach was proposed. In this study, we have prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with different modified surface area. Nanoparticles (NPs) were modified by chitosan (CS), and sarcosine oxidase (SOX). SPIONs without any modification were taken as controls. Methods and Results: The obtained NPs were characterized by physicochemical methods. The size of the NPs determined by the dynamic light scattering method was as follows: SPIONs/Au/NPs (100–300 nm), SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs (300–700 nm), and SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs (600–1500 nm). The amount of CS deposited on the NP surface was found to be 48 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs and 39 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs, and repeatability varied around 10%. Pseudo-peroxidase activity of NPs was verified using sarcosine, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate. For TMB, all NPs tested evinced substantial pseudo-peroxidase activity at 650 nm. The concentration of SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs in the reaction mixture was optimized to 0–40 mg/mL. Trinder reaction for sarcosine detection was set up at 510 nm at an optimal reaction temperature of 37 °C and pH 8.0. The course of the reaction was linear for 150 min. The smallest amount of NPs that was able to detect sarcosine was 0.2 mg/well (200 µL of total volume) with the linear dependence y = 0.0011x − 0.0001 and the correlation coefficient r = 0.9992, relative standard deviation (RSD) 6.35%, limit of detection (LOD) 5 µM. The suggested method was further validated for artificial urine analysis (r = 0.99, RSD 21.35%, LOD 18 µM). The calculation between the detected and applied concentrations showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.99). NPs were tested for toxicity and no significant growth inhibition was observed in any model system (S. cerevisiae, S. aureus, E. coli). The hemolytic activity of the prepared NPs was similar to that of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control. The reaction system was further tested on real urine specimens. Conclusion: The proposed detection system allows the analysis of sarcosine at micromolar concentrations and to monitor changes in its levels as a potential prostate cancer marker. The whole system is suitable for low-cost miniaturization and point-of-care testing technology and diagnostic systems. This system is simple, inexpensive, and convenient for screening tests and telemedicine applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing

Uhlirova¹,

Staňková²,

Docekalova³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Once hybridized to a target, the probe would experience a conformational stretch and release the fluorophore to give out a true signal (‘on’ state). This form of MB is superior to the conventional MB for live‐cell ISH: First, it is easily internalized by cells without transfection treatments . Second, the particle surface of AuNP could protect the oligonucleotide probes from enzymatic degradation, significantly increasing the probe half‐life .…”

Section: Advanced Ish Methods For Transcriptomics Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of target mRNA, the probe sequence forms a self‐complementary hairpin structure and the fluorescent dye is quenched in the proximity of AuNP. (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2015 Springer) (b) In a similar design, 13‐nm‐sized AuNPs are conjugated with fluorescent ‘flare’ DNA, dubbed nanoflares.…”

Section: Advanced Ish Methods For Transcriptomics Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond quantification: in situ analysis of transcriptome and pre‐mRNA alternative splicing at the nanoscale

Cui

Liu

Irudayaraj

2016

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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In situ analysis offers a venue for dissecting the complex transcriptome in its natural context to tap into cellular processes that could explain the phenotypic physiology and pathology yet to be understood. Over the past decades, enormous progress has been made to improve the resolution, sensitivity, and specificity of single-cell technologies. The continued efforts in RNA research not only facilitates mechanistic studies of molecular biology but also provides state-of-the-art strategies for diagnostic purposes. The implementation of novel bio-imaging platforms has yielded valuable information for inspecting gene expression, mapping regulatory networks, and classifying cell types. In this article, we discuss the merits and technical challenges in single-molecule in situ RNA profiling. Advanced in situ hybridization methodologies developed for a variety of detection modalities are reviewed. Considering the fact that in mammalian cells the number of protein products immensely exceeds that of the actual coding genes due to pre-mRNA alternative splicing, tools capable of elucidating this process in intact cells are highlighted. To conclude, we point out future directions for in situ transcriptome analysis and expect a plethora of opportunities and discoveries in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1443. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1443 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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“…It is worth mentioning that gold particles dispersed in aqueous media present a negative surface charge, thus providing strong affinity with various biological macromolecules such as proteins and antibodies 20 . The development of biomarkers capable of transporting metallic nanoparticles, like gold, to certain parts of a living being based on physiological principles, can be used to carry, and accumulate these elements in specific places such as a tumor 21–23 . The toxicity due to GNP bioaccumulation has been extensively studied, 24–30 and eventual effects of its toxicity are difficult to predict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OXIRIS project: Development of a new XRF device for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer

et al. 2021

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A novel and suitable energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescent (EDXRF) device, currently at the prototype stage, the Project OXIRIS (Orthovoltage X‐Ray–Induced Radiation System), is presented for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer diseases. Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results of EDXRF signals from a small deep artificial tumor consisting of a solution of gold nanoparticles bio‐targeted and immersed in a tissue‐bioequivalent matrix are presented and compared. Briefly, the device consists of a dynamic orthovoltage X‐ray fluence concentration coupled to confocal with an EDXRF system along with a sample holder for 3D scanning; all integrated and controlled by a dedicated software capable of controlling the whole operation functionalities: the X‐ray source, the rotating arm, the sample holder, and the detection system. The software also includes dedicated subroutines for X‐ray fluorescent spectra processing to correlate K‐lines signal at each acquisition position with the corresponding high atomic number elements' concentration to produce a 3D distribution according to the user‐defined grid. The confocal configuration ensures that the detected signal comes exclusively from the excited volume as defined by the bulk of the focal spot. Hence, the 3D image is achieved by scanning the sample holder through the movement of the sample‐carrier stretcher moved by step motors in the 3 coordinated axes. The feasibility of the proposed methodology and the design of the prototype have been successfully demonstrated experimentally, targeting gold nanoparticles in water‐equivalent phantoms.

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Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing

Beyond quantification: in situ analysis of transcriptome and pre‐mRNA alternative splicing at the nanoscale

OXIRIS project: Development of a new XRF device for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer

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