Functionalized Activated Carbon Catalysts in Xylose Dehydration

Comparison of Solid Acid-Catalyzed and Autocatalyzed C5 and C6 Sugar Dehydration Reactions with Water as a Solvent

“…The surface area of the catalyst was 1,561 m 2 /g and the acid site concentration was 1.22 mmol/ g catalyst determined by acid-base titration. The surface sites on the catalyst were mainly carboxylic acid sites; anhydride sites; carbonyl, phenol, or quinone sites; and thiophenol sites [20]. On the carbon's surface, the carboxylic acid groups, -COOH, and sulfonic acid groups, -SO 3 H, are Brönsted acid sites [25], whereas the -OH groups in the phenolic groups are either neutral [22] or basic sites.…”

“…The catalyst was used as received. The characterization results of the catalyst are reported elsewhere [20].…”

“…The adsorption of sugars was studied in a similar manner as reported in our previous study [20]. For the adsorption experiments, 0.15 g of the catalyst was mixed overnight at room temperature with 5 ml of 2 wt% sugar solution.…”

“…The activated carbon catalyst was characterized in our previous study [20]. The surface area of the catalyst was 1,561 m 2 /g and the acid site concentration was 1.22 mmol/ g catalyst determined by acid-base titration.…”

“…The results showed that higher furfural selectivity was obtained on the activated carbon catalyst than on oxide catalysts. In addition, the carbon catalyst exhibited stable activity in water since no deactivation was observed [20].…”