Functionalized 2D Germanene and Silicene Enzymatic System

Abstract

In recent years, 2D Group 14 graphane analogs, such as germanane, methyl germanane, and siloxene, have taken materials scientists by storm due to their facile synthesis procedures and the numerous attractive properties proffered. Due to their fascinating properties, these emerging Group 14 graphane analogs are studied for varied applications including supercapacitors, photocatalysts, and sensors. Although several groups have reported the viability of using Group 14 graphane analogs for the construction of biosensors, they are mainly based upon computational studies, and few experimental studies are conducted. This paper aims to experimentally investigate the feasibility of using germanane and siloxene‐based materials as 2D functional support for enzymatic systems. The heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and the glucose sensing response of the as‐synthesized germanane, methyl germanane, and siloxene are examined, and the most outstanding material, germanane, is employed for further construction of electrochemical glucose biosensor. The fabricated biosensing platform delivers excellent analytical performances, displaying good linearity over various magnitudes of glucose concentrations, and possesses a low detection limit. The findings reported herein showcase the potential of applying these 2D Group 14 graphane analogs for future developments of highly selective and sensitive biosensors for biomedical, environmental monitoring, and food sampling applications.

Technological advances in electrochemical biosensors for the detection of disease biomarkers

“…The fabricated biosensing platform delivered excellent analytical performance, displaying good linearity over numerous magnitudes of glucose concentrations and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.3 × 10 −6 m. As shown in Fig. 3b, c, the fabricated glucose biosensor was used to determine glucose in human serum, demonstrating the viability of the sensing platform for real sample analysis [19].…”

Electronic Properties and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Activity for Precious-Metal-Adsorbed Silicene with Nonmetal Doping

“…CaSi 2 , a layered material formed by Ca ions and silicene, has perfect planar silicene layers and shows Dirac cones at high symmetry points K and H. B and N doping can improve the stability and sensitivity of silicene to NO and NO 2 gases, which helps in the application of silicene in gas sensors . Moreover, siloxene is an oxide of silicene, which has high selectivity and electrochemical activity . This shows that NM or transition-metal (TM)-doped silicene has strong stability and good chemical reactivity.…”

“…63 Moreover, siloxene is an oxide of silicene, which has high selectivity and electrochemical activity. 64 This shows that NM or transitionmetal (TM)-doped silicene has strong stability and good chemical reactivity. Therefore, in this paper, we try to introduce NMs and precious metals (PMs) to induce NMs and PMs to form compounds on the silicene surface to obtain higher stability and to investigate their electronic properties and electrolytic water activity.…”

First-principle calculations of plasmon excitations in graphene,silicene and germanene

“…Graphene is the most prominent example of this type of materials, however, the incompatibility of carbon-based materials with current siliconbased or germanium-based electronics makes it currently unsuitable for practical use. Therefore, considerable current research interests have been extended to other candidates among the group-IV elements, like silicene and germanene -the counterparts of graphene for Si and Ge elements [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Although C, Si and Ge belong to the same group (Group IV) in the periodic table, their chemical properties, largely governed by orbital hybridizations, are substantially different [4].…”