Functionalization of powdered walnut shell with orthophosphoric acid for Congo red dye removal

Ojo, Titilope Abiodun; Ojedokun, Adedamola Titi; Bello, Olugbenga Solomon

doi:10.1080/02726351.2017.1340914

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Well-developed pores and rougher cavities in SEM of FCC are connected with loss of volatile materials especially water and breakdown of cellulosic materials resulting in well-built cavities coupled with gasification of phosphorus species impregnated with H 3 PO 4 in FCC leading to the expansion of pores. These results are consistent with reports that expansion of porousity is related to amount of phosphorus [29,30,[35][36][37]. Since adsorption process is a surface occurrence, adsorbent quality will be functions of number and nature of pores [41,42].…”

Section: Morphological and Elemental Characteristics Of CC Fcc And Ccncsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Another method of enhancing the adsorptive capacity of adsorbent is activation/functionalization with acids, alkali and salts. This majorly modifies the biological structure, cleaves the bond, influences pyrolytic decomposition, improves thermal resistance and inhibits tar formation [28][29][30]. Acid functionalization with H 3 PO 4 induces physical, and chemical modification, reforms formation of cross-linked structure, develops micropores, enhances surface adsorptive properties by increasing their percentage carbon contents via reduction of water content and burning-off of volatile solids arising from breakage of cellulosic materials [31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

et al. 2020

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This study describes synthesis and characterization of corncob (CC), corncob nanocellulose (CCNC) and functionalized corncob (FCC) as unique adsorbents for methyl orange (MO) removal. Nanocellulose was synthesized via H 2 SO 4 hydrolysis and functionalization was achieved using H 3 PO 4 . All adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Functionalization modified surface chemistry (disappearance of OH and appearance of PO 4 3− ), increased percentage carbon by 41.42% and produced welldeveloped pores. Nanocellulose retained intrinsic chemical properties of corncob though more porous with enhanced surface functionality prompted by more intense functional groups peaks and appearance of SO 4 2− . Maximum adsorption of MO occurred at pH 3.01, 4.11 and 2.09 for CC (54.34%), FCC (77.1%) and CCNC (96.81%) respectively. Adsorption parameters were fitted to four adsorption isotherms with Langmuir being the most appropriate to describe the adsorption process. Adsorption capacity increased from 17.86 mg g −1 in corncob to 60.82 mg g −1 in FCC and 206.67 mg g −1 in CCNC implying CCNC had the highest adsorption quality. The rate of adsorption was most accurately predicted by pseudo first order kinetics. Adsorption mechanism was governed by film diffusion with contribution from intra-particle diffusion. Adsorption process was spontaneous (− ∆G o ) at all temperatures (303-315 K), exothermic (− ∆H o ) and physical on CC (3.73 kJ mol −1 ) and CCNC (3.42 kJ mol −1 ) however it was endothermic (+ ∆H o ) and chemical on FCC (12.86 kJ mol −1 ). This study shows that CCNC is comparatively the best adsorbent with highest adsorption capacity.

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Section: Morphological and Elemental Characteristics Of CC Fcc And Ccncsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

et al. 2020

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“…Commercial activated carbon (CAC), used conventionally for adsorption processes and other varieties of application, is scare, expensive and non-renewable (Namasivayam and Sangeetha 2006;Parab et al 2009;Gupta et al 2010;Khan et al 2011;Wang and Chu 2011;Jain et al 2015;Rani et al 2017). The need for suitable replacements opens an opportunity for the effective use of agricultural wastes as adsorbent, and some of these largely available and inexpensive adsorbents have been reported for dye removal including cocoa pod husk (Olakunle et al 2018) Moringa oleifera seed pod (Bello et al 2017b), scrap tires (Li et al 2010) Raphia hookerie fruit epicarp (Inyinbor et al 2016), rambutan seed (Ahmad et al 2016), Durian seed (Ahmad et al 2015), sugarcane bagasse (Saad et al 2010), bengal gram seed husk (Somasekhara Reddy et al 2017), walnut shell (Ojo et al 2019) among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized coconut husks for rhodamine-B dye sequestration

et al. 2019

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This study investigates the efficacy of acid activated coconut husk (CHA) for the removal of rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solutions. The CHA prepared was characterized using various techniques: SEM, FTIR EDX, Boehm titration and pH pzc , respectively. The effects of different operational parameters including initial concentration, contact time and solution temperatures were examined. Kinetic data for Rh-B dye adsorption onto CHA fitted best to pseudo-second-order kinetic model considering the correlation regression (R 2 ) and the sum of squares of error values. Adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm was the most fitted among all the models used with maximum monolayer sorption capacity of 1666.67 mg g −1 and the highest regression value of 0.99 indicating that CHA has greater affinity for Rh-B dye adsorption due to increased pore development via acid activation. Thermodynamic studies revealed an endothermic adsorption process with the ΔH 0 value of 62.77 kJ mol −1 . Spontaneity was ascertained based on the negative values of ΔG o (ranging from − 26.38 kJ mol −1 to − 20.93 kJ mol −1 ). The positive value of ΔS 0 (0.276 kJ mol −1 K −1 ) suggests increased randomness that exists between CHA and Rh-B dye. Cost analysis results revealed that CHA is six times cheaper than commercial activated carbon (CAC), providing a savings of 217 US$ kg −1 . CHA adsorbent was found to be suitable for Rh-B dye removal from aqueous solution.

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“…Among the various methods of dye removal, the use of agricultural materials, also known as biosorption, has been proven to be superior since it is more cost effective, efficient, readily available, generates no sludge or by products. Some of the adsorbents that have been used to remove dyes include Cassia siamea (Ajaelu et al, 2011), Mangifera indica (Ajaelu et al 2015), watermelon (Ahmad et al, 2015), Senna alata (Ajaelu et al 2017), Moringa oleifera ), Walnut shell (Ojo et al 2017), Corn cob (Ojedokun and Bello 2017). Safranin-O, also known as basic red 2, is a basic dye.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorptive removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution using chemically modified African Border Tree (<i>Newbouldia laevis</i>) bark

Ajaelu¹,

Nwosu²,

Ibironke³

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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This study investigated the biosorption efficiency of sodium hydroxide modified African Border tree (SMABT) bark powder on Safranin O, a cationic dye. The SMABT was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). As the initial dye concentration increased, the amount of Safranin O removed increased. The kinetic studies were described by pseudo first order and pseudo second order. The pseudo second order fitted very well into the kinetic experimental data. Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were employed to describe the adsorption of Safranin O to SMABT and also to evaluate the isotherm constants. Langmuir model was the best of the four to excellently fit into the experimental data. The maximum uptake capacity of SMABT for Safranin O dye was 90.9 mg/g.

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Functionalization of powdered walnut shell with orthophosphoric acid for Congo red dye removal

Cited by 71 publications

References 70 publications

Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

Functionalized coconut husks for rhodamine-B dye sequestration

Adsorptive removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution using chemically modified African Border Tree (<i>Newbouldia laevis</i>) bark

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