Functionalization of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanofibrous membranes with antibiofilm compounds

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate the activity of functionalized PLGA electrospun membranes in preventing Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation.PLGA nanofibres were functionalized with the additives Melaleuca alternifolia and Coffea canephora essential oils, furan-2(5H)-one, and a novel synthetic butyrolactam, in three concentrations (0.002%, 0.004%, and 0.008% w/v). Samples were characterized by SEM, FTIR-ATR, and GC-MS and exposed to S. mutans cultures. Planktonic growth was determined following a 24-and 48-h incubation period by spectrophotometry and the biofilm formation was evaluated by counting colony forming units. Cytotoxicity of the new biomaterials was assessed by MTS assay, through the quantification of viable placenta-derived stem cells grown over the functionalized nanofibrous membranes. Observation of the electrospun membranes on SEM images revealed the smooth and bead-free morphology of the nanofibres. No solvent residues were observed by FTIR-ATR, but the GC-MS results showed that N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide were present as residues in the membranes after functionalization. Functionalization reduced bacterial attachment to membrane surfaces, with best results being obtained for M. alternifolia essential oil, furanone, and butyrolactam. Cytotoxicity results showed that furan-2(5H)-one-functionalized membranes demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the cell viability compared to the control membranes.

In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Biodegradable Nanofibrous Membranes Incorporated with Antibiofilm Compounds

“…Furanone surface coatings showed biofilm inhibition on all biomaterials studied and non-cytotoxic effect, after 48 h of exposure. This supports our previous findings indicating that furanones are not cytotoxic at levels that are antibacterial [ 39 ]. There is still insufficient data concerning safety in vivo , but our study suggested no difference in the overall irritation pattern between the furanone-based PLGA membrane and pure PLGA electrospun membranes ( p < 0.05).…”

“…The antibiofilm activity of tea tree and furanone loaded PLGA electrospun fiber membranes were tested with S . mutans , and results confirmed preceding study [ 39 ] that indicated a significant biofilm inhibition on the electrospun membranes incorporated with compounds tested. Data analysis of biofilm by CFU counting detached from both tea tree and furanone loaded PLGA exhibited a significant reduction ( p < 0.01) in the quantity of adhered viable cells compared to biofilm formed in the control (pure PLGA).…”

“…Furanone and tea tree had biomaterial emerged as ideal antibacterial agents for preventing biofilm infection due to their broad spectrum, novel mechanisms of disrupting bacterial-communication system and consequently inhibiting biofilm formation in the early stages [68][69][70][71][72]. The antibiofilm activity of tea tree and furanone loaded PLGA electrospun fiber membranes were tested with S. mutans, and results confirmed preceding study [39] that indicated a significant biofilm inhibition on the electrospun membranes incorporated with compounds tested. Data analysis of biofilm by CFU counting detached from both tea tree and furanone loaded PLGA exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in the quantity of adhered viable cells compared to biofilm formed in the control (pure PLGA).…”

“…PLGA was dissolved (10 w / v %) in a solution containing chloroform and N,N- dimethylformamide (95:5 v/v ) for 8 h under constant stirring at room temperature to produce pure PLGA electrospun membranes. For the tea tree essential oil and furanone loaded PLGA solutions, each agent to be tested was added separately into the polymer solution at 0.004% ( v/v ), according to previous study [ 39 ]. PLGA membranes, with no compound’s incorporation were also prepared.…”

“…The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a novel biodegradable nanofibrous PLGA membranes incorporated with antibiofilm, furanone and tea tree, on its most effective concentration, in subcutaneous rat model, according to our previous study [ 39 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first manuscript on incorporating these compounds in fibrous structures and investigating its antibiofilm activity and in vivo biological response for biomedical applications.…”