Functionalization of metal nanoclusters for biomedical applications

Song, Xiaorong; Goswami, Nirmal; Yang, Huanghao; Xie, Jianping

doi:10.1039/c6an00773b

Cited by 287 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…6,7 Moreover, published studies show that the optical properties of Au and Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs) protected by thiols are more likely to be dependent on the ligands and functional groups on the nanocluster surface, 8 and because of good biocompatibility and active chelation to metal atoms, glutathione (GSH) has been widely used as a stabilizer to obtain fluorescent Au and Ag NCs for use in the biomedicine and biosensor fields. [9][10][11] In addition, etching colloidal metal nanocrystals with ligands containing certain functional groups is a recognized classical route to obtain fluorescent metal nanoclusters, 12 and etching processes using thiol to obtain Au and Ag NCs have been developed in many laboratories. However, the reported etching methods to obtain Au and Ag NCs always involve toxic organic solvents, rigorous reaction conditions (for example, oxygen-free and high temperature) and complicated procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pH-switchable agglomeration and dispersion behavior of fluorescent Ag nanoclusters and its applications in urea and glucose biosensing

et al. 2016

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Water-soluble fluorescent Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs) with distinct pH-switchable agglomeration and spectral signal responses are prepared using a facile etching method. Increased and decreased pH cause the Ag NCs to switch between agglomeration and dispersion, accompanied by decreases in and recoveries of fluorescence intensity and absorbance. The pH switchable behavior of the Ag NCs is attributed to carboxyl groups on the nanocluster surface that are rich in the citrate and amido functional groups of ligands (glutathione), creating an easily formed, weak molecular interaction among Ag NCs (for example, hydrogen bonding) and maintaining a balance in the colloidal solution, whereas a change in pH will disrupt the balance, leading to the reversible agglomeration of Ag NCs and the switchable spectral signal response. In addition, because urea and glucose can change the pH of a solution by producing NH 3 and gluconic acid in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the pH-switchable behavior of the Ag NCs is used to develop them as an optical probe to establish a regenerated biosensing platform for the sensitive and selective detection of urea and glucose, and the test results are satisfactory. INTRODUCTIONMetal nanoparticles on an~2 nm scale are defined as metal nanoclusters, and they show physicochemical properties that are significantly different from those of their bulk form. Fluorescent metal nanoclusters composed of a small number of atoms have attracted research interest because of their unique properties and molecule-like behavior. 1,2 In recent decades, many fluorescent metal nanoclusters, especially nanoclusters of Au and Ag, among noble metals, have been reported, and the ligands that stabilize these small nanoparticles have a key role in their fundamental properties: (i) ligands can influence optical properties by transferring their charge to the metal cores or by directly donating delocalized electrons contained on them to the metal cores; 3,4 (ii) surface ligands can determine the physical properties of nanoclusters (for example, hydrophily and hydrophoby), and amphiphilic metal nanoclusters can be produced by skillfully controlling the type and amount of ligands; 5 (iii) the functional groups of the surface ligands determine the chemical properties of the metal nanoclusters; thus, fluorescent nanoclusters can be more widely used as probes for detecting various targets. 6,7 Moreover, published studies show that the optical properties of Au and Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs) protected by thiols are more

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pH-switchable agglomeration and dispersion behavior of fluorescent Ag nanoclusters and its applications in urea and glucose biosensing

et al. 2016

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“…Due to these properties, metal nanoparticles are especially used in optical, imaging, sensors, cosmetics, cancer treatment, and targeted drug delivery systems. Noble metal nanomaterials are an emerging class of functional materials nding increasing acceptance in biomedical applications, such as antimicrobial agents, 4,5 cancer therapy [6][7][8] and bioimaging. Among these metals, silver and silver nanoparticles are valuable, non-reactive and not oxidized when presented to oxygen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amelioration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in animal modelsviaknockdown oxidative stress and proinflammatory markers byMadhuca longifoliaembedded silver nanoparticles

Singh

Yadav

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), primary liver cancer is primarily responsible for inflammation-related cancer as more than 90% of HCCs emerge with regard to hepatic damage and inflammation. Tenacious inflammation is known to advance and intensify liver tumours. Nanomaterials, for example, silver nanoparticles synthesized from plant-derived materials have shown great outcomes in reducing the precancerous nodules and have anticancer properties. The aim of the present investigation was to biosynthesize, characterize and evaluate the anticancer activity of nanoparticles-embedded Madhuca longifolia extract (MLAgNPs) on an experimental model of hepatic cancer in rats. M. longifolia contains a high amount of flavonoids and other phenolic derivative. The silver nanoparticles synthesized by M. longifolia were characterized by various instruments, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray beam diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Liver cancer was induced to 36 Wistar rats by a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (200 mg kg À1 BW). Hepatic cancer byMLAgNPs dose-dependently limited macroscopical variation compared with the DEN-induced hepatic cancer groups. The serum and liver were taken to measure the antioxidant parameters, proinflammatory cytokines and for a histopathological study. Serum hepatic and serum non-hepatic along with inflammatory cytokines were also assessed. Reduction in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, namely tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, interleukin-1b, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), and improved membrane-bound enzyme activity were also detected. It was found that minor morphological anomalies were identified in the histopathology analysis in the MLAgNPs-treated groups. It could be concluded that silver nanoparticles introduce an extraordinary potential for use as adjuvants in hepatic cancer treatment because of their antioxidant abilities and ability to diminish inflammation in liver tissue by attenuating the NF-kB pathway.

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“…Currently, functionalizations of fluorescent AuNCs are commonly based on ligand exchange, bioconjugation, and noncovalent interaction [61].…”

Section: Functionalization Of Auncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Promising Fluorescent Probes for Sensors and Bioimaging

Wang

Zhu

2017

J. Anal. Test.

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Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have recently emerged as a novel kind of promising fluorescent probes for high-performance sensors and bioimaging because of their ultrasmall size (\3 nm), strong luminescence, good photostability, and excellent biocompatibility. Over the past decade, we have witnessed growing popularity of AuNCs in analytical applications and enormous efforts have been devoted to their development. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in the development of AuNCs in terms of physicochemical properties, synthesis strategies, and bioapplications. The optical, electrochemical, catalytical, and solvatochromic properties of AuNCs are first summarized, which are followed by different ligands or template-assisted controllable synthetic methods. Afterwards functionalization of AuNCs is described in terms of ligand exchange, bioconjugation, and noncovalent interaction. We then focus on the applications of AuNCs as fluorescent probes for detection of metal ions, inorganic anions, small biomolecules, proteins, nucleic acids, drug molecules, pH, and temperature. We also summarize the usage of metal NCs in cellular and in vivo targeting and imaging. Finally, we conclude with a brief look at the future challenges and prospects of the development of AuNCs.

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Functionalization of metal nanoclusters for biomedical applications

Cited by 287 publications

References 174 publications

The pH-switchable agglomeration and dispersion behavior of fluorescent Ag nanoclusters and its applications in urea and glucose biosensing

The pH-switchable agglomeration and dispersion behavior of fluorescent Ag nanoclusters and its applications in urea and glucose biosensing

Amelioration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in animal modelsviaknockdown oxidative stress and proinflammatory markers byMadhuca longifoliaembedded silver nanoparticles

Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Promising Fluorescent Probes for Sensors and Bioimaging

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