Functionalization of Graphene by other Carbon Nanostructures

Georgakilas, Vasilios

doi:10.1002/9783527672790.ch9

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Due to strong interactions and van der Waals forces, exfoliated graphene sheets have a strong tendency to irreversibly aggregate or even restack, reverting to multilayer structures such as graphite [ 172 ]. Therefore, functionalization must be performed to reduce hydrophobicity, and to increase dispersion in organic and aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Characterization Of Graphene and Graphene Nanoplatelets (Xgnps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, functionalization must be performed to reduce hydrophobicity, and to increase dispersion in organic and aqueous solutions. Covalent functionalization is the addition of molecules to graphene that results in the rehybridization of the sp 2 carbon atoms of the π network into a sp 3 configuration, resulting in adjustments of the innate physical and chemical properties of graphene [ 172 ].…”

Section: Characterization Of Graphene and Graphene Nanoplatelets (Xgnps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Characterizations

et al. 2021

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Graphene-based nanocomposites possess excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical properties. These materials have potential applications in high-performance transistors, biomedical systems, sensors, and solar cells. This paper presents a critical review of the recent developments in graphene-based nanocomposite research, exploring synthesis methods, characterizations, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. Emphasis is placed on characterization techniques and mechanical properties with detailed examples from recent literature. The importance of characterization techniques including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for the characterization of graphene flakes and their composites were thoroughly discussed. Finally, the effect of graphene even at very low loadings on the mechanical properties of the composite matrix was extensively reviewed.

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Section: Characterization Of Graphene and Graphene Nanoplatelets (Xgnps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Graphene and Graphene Nanoplatelets (Xgnps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Characterizations

et al. 2021

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“…Non-covalent functionalization consists of π-stacking interactions, hydrophobic effects, van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding, and in particular situations, even the geometry of the materials plays an important role [52]. In many cases, non-covalent functionalization is accomplished through simple mixing of the materials in an adequate medium [48,53,54] or following an incubation protocol for specific biomolecules and cells [55].…”

Section: Non-covalent Functionalization Of Rgomentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Materials Functionalization with Natural Polymeric Biomolecules

Amieva¹,

López‐Barroso²,

Martínez-Hernández³

et al. 2016

Recent Advances in Graphene Research

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The use of 2D nanocarbon materials as scaffolds for the functionalization with different molecules has been rising as a result of their outstanding properties. This chapter describes the synthesis of graphene and its derivatives, particularly graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Both GO and rGO represent a tunable alternative for applications with biomolecules due to the oxygenated moieties, which allow interactions in a either covalent or non-covalent way. From here, other discussed topics are the biofunctionalization with keratin (KE) and chitosan (CS). The noncovalent functionalization is based primarily on secondary interactions such as van der Waals forces, electrostatics interactions, or π-π stacking formed between KE or CS with graphenic materials. On the other hand, covalent functionalization with KE and CS is mainly based on the reaction among the functional groups present in those biomolecules and the graphenic materials. As a result of the functionalization, different applications have been proposed for these novel materials, which are reviewed in order to offer an overview about the possible fields of application of 2D nanocarbon materials. In a nutshell, the objective of this work is as follows: first, overhaul different aspects about the synthesis of graphene chemically obtained, and second, make a review of different approaches in the functionalization of 2D carbon materials with specific biomolecules.

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“…As a result, various products of graphene functionalization have been fabricated, such as graphene oxide 21 , reduced graphene oxide 29 , GNRs 30 , graphene nanosheets 31 , graphene foam 32 , graphene membranes 33 , etc. Some products have been classified and defined 1,[34][35][36][37] , for example, doped graphene 38 , graphene-based nanomaterials 39 , graphene-based materials 9 , graphene-based composite 40 , covalent and non-covalent graphene 27 . However, there are no systematic classification and definition for all these products from graphene functionalization, which will, obviously, benefit the research and development of graphene materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Graphene Materials: Definition, Classification, and Preparation Strategies

马英杰¹,

智林杰²

2021

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

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Since its emergence in 2004, graphene has attracted enormous attention because of its unique and fantastic properties, which signals the birth of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. The strictly atomic-layered 2D structure endows graphene with unconventional optical, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties. Owing to these extraordinary features, graphene has exhibited great potential in various fields, such as biology, medicine, chemistry, physics, and the environment. Notably, when graphene is used in these fields, it is always functionalized to facilitate its manipulation or meet the different area demands. After functionalization, the properties of graphene, such as its composition, size, shape, and structure, are modified, leading to changes in its electronic structure, surface chemistry, solubility, and mechanical and chemical properties. Functionalization of graphene can be achieved through various approaches, including chemical oxidation, doping, covalent and non-covalent modification, and hybridization with other materials, yielding various products (i.e., graphene oxide, nano graphene, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), graphene nanomeshes, and graphene-polymer hybrids). However, these resulting products have not been systematically classified or strictly defined until now; although they have been classified as covalent and non-covalent functionalized graphene, graphene-based polymer composites, and graphene-based composites. Systematic classification and exact definition will benefit research on functionalizing graphene. In this review, based on research on functionalization of graphene, we propose a systematic classification of the products from graphene functionalization, their corresponding definitions, and preparation strategies, which are illustrated by representative examples. All the products from graphene functionalization are defined as functionalized graphene materials, which fall into two categories: functionalized graphene and functionalized graphene composite. Functionalized graphene is the product of modifying graphene by tuning its composition, framework, dimension, and morphology, and functionalized graphene composites are hybrids of graphene (or functionalized graphene) with other materials, including small molecules, polymers, metals, inorganic compounds, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Functionalized graphene materials are prepared through two strategies: "top-down" and "bottom-up," each of which has its advantages and shortcomings and includes many corresponding preparation methods. The selection of preparation strategies depends on the application requirements, as different applications require different types of graphene. Both strategies are elucidated with detailed examples through an extensive analysis of the literature. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives of functionalized graphene materials are discussed. This review presents the proposed systematic classification and exact definition of functionalized graphene materials, which can enhance their development. It is bel...

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Functionalization of Graphene by other Carbon Nanostructures

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Characterizations

Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Characterizations

Graphene‐Based Materials Functionalization with Natural Polymeric Biomolecules

Functionalized Graphene Materials: Definition, Classification, and Preparation Strategies

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