Functionalization of activated carbons by HNO3 treatment: Influence of phosphorus surface groups

Ternero-Hidalgo, Juan José; Rosas, Juana M.; Palomo, José; Valero-Romero, María José; Rodríguez-Mirasol, José; Cordero, Tomás

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.015

Cited by 163 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Bands at 1534 and 1338 cm −1 corresponding to NO 2 ν asym and ν sym were also observed indicating that some nitro groups were also incorporated into the carbonaceous material. Such groups are usually present in small quantities, since the presence of an acid catalyst (such as H 2 SO 4 ) is needed for the nitrogen addition to prevail . The remaining bands at 1540 and 1165 cm −1 can be attributed to the ν C=C and ν C‐O respectively, and are also present before oxidation in the bc hw .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such groups are usually present in small quantities, since the presence of an acid catalyst (such as H 2 SO 4 ) is needed for the nitrogen addition to prevail. [42] The remaining bands at 1540 and 1165 cm À 1 can be attributed to the ν C = C and ν C-O respectively, and are also present before oxidation in the bc hw . In the APTES-bc hw , new bands related to the NÀ H, CÀ H, and CÀ N stretches can be observed at 3746, 2924 and 1338 cm À 1 , respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of Biochar Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Oxidized Biochar as a Simple, Renewable Catalyst for the Production of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides

et al. 2019

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Hard‐ and softwood residues (from birch and pine respectively) of forestry, pulp, and paper industries (e. g. sawdust, branches) were used to prepare biochar, which was then oxidized using nitric acid to produce catalytic carboxylic acid functionalized biochar. This oxidized biochar, ox–bc, in the presence of a co‐catalyst, showed excellent catalytic activity towards the cycloaddition reaction between CO2 and epoxides using mild conditions (CO2 pressure, 10 bar). No differences in catalytic activity were seen between the two types of oxidized biochar despite the hardwood ox–bc having a significantly higher surface area. The catalysts function through activation of the epoxide reagent via hydrogen‐bonding with carboxylic acid groups on the surface. The number of surface acid groups was reduced by reaction with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the resulting material was inactive in the reactions studied. The ox–bc catalysts are sustainable, economic, and renewable alternatives for currently used heterogeneous systems and are also the first carbon‐based materials derived from biomass to exhibit good recyclability (over five runs) with a broad substrate scope for the production of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Biochar Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oxidized Biochar as a Simple, Renewable Catalyst for the Production of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides

et al. 2019

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“…Three major peaks split from high-resolution P2p peaks at 132.3, 133.1, and 134.0 eV were accordingly attributed to the C 3 −PO, C−P−O, and C−O−P groups (Figure 2b). [25,26] Whereas, the C−P species at about 130.2 eV unexpectedly absented from these five prepared samples. For three P species contents, from Table 1, it could be found that the C−O−P contents in five samples first increased and then decreased with the increase of heating temperature while the contents of C 3 −PO and C−P−O groups kept decreasing, indicating that the C−O−P group is more stable than the other two P moieties.…”

Section: Structure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Phosphorous‐Doped Graphite Layers with Outstanding Electrocatalytic Activities for the Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in Water Electrolysis

Liu

Sun

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Advances demonstrate that the incorporation of phosphorous into the network of nitrogen, sulfur, or fluorine‐doped carbon materials can remarkably enhance their oxygen and hydrogen evolution activities. However, the electrocatalytic behaviors of pristine phosphorous single‐doped carbon catalysts toward the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) are rarely investigated and their corresponding active species are not yet explored. To clearly ascertain the effects of phosphorous doping on the OER and HER and identify the active sites, herein, phosphorous unitary‐doped graphite layers with different phosphorous species distributions are prepared and the correlations between the oxygen or hydrogen evolution activity and different phosphorous species are investigated, respectively. Results indicate that phosphorous single‐doped graphite layers show a superior oxygen evolution activity to most of the reported OER catalysts and the commercial IrO2 in alkaline medium, and comparable hydrogen evolution activity to most reported carbon catalysts in acidic medium. Moreover, the relevancies unveil that the COP species are the main OER active species, and the defects derived from the decomposition of C3P = O species are the main active sites for HER, as evidenced by density functional theory calculations, showing a new perspective for the design of more effective phosphorous‐containing water‐splitting catalysts.

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“…As to RuMo/C-N, a great reduce of micropore and mesoporous was found with only 122 m 2 /g surface area and 0.07 cm 3 /g total pore volume. Cordero et al reported that the nitration of activated carbon with nitric acid would result to a decrease of porosity [27,29,33,34].…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of acid pretreatment on physicochemical properties and hydrodeoxygenation performance of carbon supported Ru-Mo bimetallic catalysts. Wherein, activated carbons prepared by chemical activation using nitric acid and phosphoric acid contain a relatively higher amount of nitrous or phosphorus complex, which could achieve the desired properties such as high oxidation resistance and high surface acidity [26][27][28][29]. In addition, such carbon supported catalysts have been successfully used as acid catalysts in the dehydration reactions [12,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of acid pretreatment on the hydrodeoxygenation performance of carbon supported RuMo bimetallic catalysts on sorbitol conversion

et al. 2019

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Sorbitol was reported as one promising platform compounds as a C6 sugar related derivative from biomass cellulose due to its high oxygen content with six hydroxyl groups. Our previous work has reported the selective hydrodeoxyenation (HDO) of sorbitol into long alkanes such as pentane and hexane (C5/C6) over carbon supported ruthenium-molybdenum catalysts. Here, the effect of acidic pretreatments of those carbon catalysts on the performance of HDO reaction was studied in detailed. The result indicated that carbon support pretreated by phosphoric acid presented much phosphorus groups, but the carbon support pretreated by nitric acid presented high graphitization degree. Moreover, the phosphoric acid pretreated catalyst (RuMo/C-P) obtained high HDO performance in the sorbitol conversion with 79.7% carbon yield of C5/C6 alkane (pentane and hexane). Finally, detailed characterizations (N 2 -adsorption, XRD, HRTEM, XPS, XRF, Raman, NH 3 -TPD, Py-IR spectrums, etc.) were performed over relevant catalysts for correlating their catalytic and physicochemical properties.

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Functionalization of activated carbons by HNO3 treatment: Influence of phosphorus surface groups

Cited by 163 publications

References 42 publications

Oxidized Biochar as a Simple, Renewable Catalyst for the Production of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides

Oxidized Biochar as a Simple, Renewable Catalyst for the Production of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides

Phosphorous‐Doped Graphite Layers with Outstanding Electrocatalytic Activities for the Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in Water Electrolysis

Influence of acid pretreatment on the hydrodeoxygenation performance of carbon supported RuMo bimetallic catalysts on sorbitol conversion

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