Functionalization and Extraction of Large Fullerenes and Carbon-Coated Metal Formed during the Synthesis of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Laser Oven, Direct Current Arc, and High-Pressure Carbon Monoxide Production Methods

Sadana, Anil K.; Liang, Feng; Brinson, Bruce E.; Arepalli, Sivaram; Farhat, S.; Hauge, Robert H.; Smalley, R. E.; Billups, W. E.

doi:10.1021/jp045582b

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…SWCNT and CNF are produced predominantly by HiPco, chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation and arc discharge techniques involving utilization of various transition metal catalysts [43]. Catalytically competent metal-containing NM may synergistically enhance oxidative stress damaging the cells and tissues [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factoring-in agglomeration of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for better prediction of their toxicity versus asbestos

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCarbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) are allotropes of carbon featuring fibrous morphology. The dimensions and high aspect ratio of CNT and CNF have prompted the comparison with naturally occurring asbestos fibers which are known to be extremely pathogenic. While the toxicity and hazardous outcomes elicited by airborne exposure to single-walled CNT or asbestos have been widely reported, very limited data are currently available describing adverse effects of respirable CNF.ResultsHere, we assessed pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress markers and systemic immune responses to respirable CNF in comparison to single-walled CNT (SWCNT) and asbestos. Pulmonary inflammatory and fibrogenic responses to CNF, SWCNT and asbestos varied depending upon the agglomeration state of the particles/fibers. Foci of granulomatous lesions and collagen deposition were associated with dense particle-like SWCNT agglomerates, while no granuloma formation was found following exposure to fiber-like CNF or asbestos. The average thickness of the alveolar connective tissue - a marker of interstitial fibrosis - was increased 28 days post SWCNT, CNF or asbestos exposure. Exposure to SWCNT, CNF or asbestos resulted in oxidative stress evidenced by accumulations of 4-HNE and carbonylated proteins in the lung tissues. Additionally, local inflammatory and fibrogenic responses were accompanied by modified systemic immunity, as documented by decreased proliferation of splenic T cells ex vivo on day 28 post exposure. The accuracies of assessments of effective surface area for asbestos, SWCNT and CNF (based on geometrical analysis of their agglomeration) versus estimates of mass dose and number of particles were compared as predictors of toxicological outcomes.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that effective surface area along with mass dose rather than specific surface area or particle number are significantly correlated with toxicological responses to carbonaceous fibrous nanoparticles. Therefore, they could be useful dose metrics for risk assessment and management.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factoring-in agglomeration of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for better prediction of their toxicity versus asbestos

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, we decided to use C 8 K as a point of departure for the synthesis of soluble, derivatized graphite nanoplatelets with the methodologies that were developed earlier to functionalize coal, fullerenes, and singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). [32][33][34][35] The synthesis of C 8 K, a bronze powder, is achieved readily by melting potassium over graphite (synthetic graphite powder, < 20 mm, Aldrich) under an atmosphere of argon. [11] Freshly prepared C 8 K was treated with 1-iodododecane, as illustrated in Scheme 1, to produce dodecylated graphite (1), which is soluble in chloroform, benzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Potassium Graphite

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Metal encapsulated carbon is produced because of the far higher production rate of carbon than the carbon precipitation rate from metal. In this case, the excess carbon was unable to form nanotubes, but directly encapsulated the metal, which were normally observed in arc‐discharge, laser ablation, high pressure CVD to decompose CO (Hipco), or the floating catalyst CVD process . Sometimes, metal NPs were easily sucked into the channel of CNTs when the interaction between metal and substrate was weak .…”

Section: Purity and Purification Of Cnts For Application In Energy Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube production and application in energy storage

Cui

Qian

et al. 2012

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to enhance the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in electrochemical energy storage, we reviewed the production and purification technology of CNTs, as well as the application in Li‐ion battery, supercapacitors (SC), and asymmetric SC. In detail, the formation mechanism, the effects influencing the diameter, diameter distribution, yield and growth rate of CNTs, and the reactor technology for scale up were thoroughly discussed. And the purity, the type of impurities and factors influencing the formation of impurities, and the purification method of CNTs were summarized on the basis of the requirements in the electrochemical use. Finally, the performance of CNTs used in energy storage systems and the challenge for the commercialization were analyzed. The review provides abundant information for better understanding of the relationship between the structure, property of CNTs and its performance. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Functionalization and Extraction of Large Fullerenes and Carbon-Coated Metal Formed during the Synthesis of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Laser Oven, Direct Current Arc, and High-Pressure Carbon Monoxide Production Methods

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Factoring-in agglomeration of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for better prediction of their toxicity versus asbestos

Factoring-in agglomeration of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for better prediction of their toxicity versus asbestos

Functionalization of Potassium Graphite

Carbon nanotube production and application in energy storage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About