Functionality of two canopy bridge designs: successful trials for the endangered black lion tamarin and other arboreal species

Garcia, Francini de Oliveira; Culot, Laurence; Carvalho, Rafaela Endrika Wolf Ferreira de; Rocha, Vlamir José

doi:10.1007/s10344-022-01569-8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is also unknown whether this road‐crossing behavior occurs in other primate species. These unanswered questions highlight the importance of continued monitoring of road crossings on the bridges and ground and that camera traps used for tabulating bridge crossings (Garcia et al, 2022; Prasetyo et al, 2022; Yap et al, 2022) collect only part of the data set necessary to understand the extent to which bridges are effective in reducing collisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effect of canopy bridges on monkey‐vehicle collision hotspots: Spatial and spatiotemporal analyses

Cunneyworth

Andrášik

Bíl

2023

American J Primatol

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Almost one‐quarter of primate species are reported to be involved in vehicle collisions. To mitigate these collisions, canopy bridges are used though their effectiveness is not broadly substantiated. We studied bridge impact on 23 years of vehicle collisions (2000–2022: N = 765) with colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus), Sykes' (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis), and vervet (Chlorocebus pygerythrus hilgerti) monkeys in Diani, Kenya. Along a 9 km road, collisions did not decrease over the study duration, although bridges increased from 8 to 30. Using the kernel density estimation plus (KDE+) method, collisions appeared highly concentrated at some locations. These concentrations, called hotspots, represent hazardous road segments, though the hotspots for all three species overlapped for only 3% of the road length. We then inspected the collision hotspots over time, using the spatiotemporal extension of the KDE+ method. We compared hotspot presence in the 3 years before and after bridge installation to determine if bridges mitigated these hotspots. Hotspots disappeared for ~60% of bridges postinstallation, suggesting that bridges effectively reduce some collisions. However, of the bridges installed in locations that were not hotspots, 13% had hotspots emerge. Surprisingly, regardless of preinstallation hotspot occurrence, almost one‐fifth of bridges had postinstallation hotspots. To understand the extent to which bridges mitigate collisions, other factors need consideration, including species attributes and crossing behavior, and road features and vehicle volume. We used the novel analytical method because it best suited our data set, given the challenges of determining the bridge impact zone and the low collision frequency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effect of canopy bridges on monkey‐vehicle collision hotspots: Spatial and spatiotemporal analyses

Cunneyworth

Andrášik

Bíl

2023

American J Primatol

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“…The impacts of transportation infrastructure on Primate species seem to be more related to the habitat loss effects due to land conversions rather than road-kill itself [46]; however, additional mortality on roads added to other associated human impacts such as poaching, illegal trade, and barrier effect can increase their vulnerability [47]. Five of the twenty-five world's most endangered primates occur in Brazil [48] and a better understanding of the ecological effects of roads on such species is urgent to guide more sustainable road projects that integrate management and conservation planning [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Many Mammals Are Killed on Brazilian Roads? Assessing Impacts and Conservation Implications

et al. 2022

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Millions of animals are killed on roads annually due to collisions with vehicles, particularly medium–large mammals. Studies on mammal road-kill flourished in Brazil in the last decade and an assessment of research on road-kill impacts at a country level will help define science-based conservation strategies. In this study, we used the compiled scientific literature to provide the state of knowledge on medium and large-sized mammals killed by road traffic in Brazil, their conservation status, and an approximation of the road-kill magnitude. We reviewed a total of 62 scientific papers that reported road-kill data accounting for 11.817 individuals. Of the 102 species of medium–large mammals found in the IUCN list, more than half (n = 62; 61%) were recorded as road-kill on Brazilian roads. The Carnivora order comprises over a quarter (n = 23; 37%) of the total road-killed species. A total of 9 species (14.5%) were classified as threatened, with a further 10 (16%) as Near Threatened. Over half of the road-killed species (n = 33, 53%) showed declining population trends according to their IUCN conservation status. Our extrapolation of the results for the entire Brazilian paved road network showed that the number of medium–large road-killed mammals can reach almost 9 million yearly (maximum 8.7 million; mean 1.3 million), representing a biomass of more than 10000 tons. The highest roadkill rates were recorded for common generalists and least concern species, although there were also threatened and near threatened species within the top 15 highest road-kill rates. The declining population trends found for most species reflect serious conservation concerns, since there is a lack of information on the mortality effects at population levels. Our results suggest that medium–large mammals are severally affected by road mortality in Brazil. More investigations are needed at local and abundance population levels, in a way that allows the inclusion of road network as an important threat for target species impacted by road-kill in the national territory, in order to develop adequate plans to mitigate those impacts.

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“…Nevertheless, the species occurs in high densities in the degraded riverine forest in the upper Paranapanema watershed, including eucalyptus plantations where the understory was allowed to regenerate (as in Buri municipality). The restoration of larger areas of riverine forest and legal reserves connecting areas such as Capão Bonito National Forest and forest fragments in the municipalities of Buri and São Miguel Arcanjo would greatly increase the resilience of the species (Garcia et al 2022). The Giant Atlantic Tree Rat Phyllomys thomasi is endemic to São Sebastião island (Ilhabela) with no individuals in captivity.…”

Section: What Is the Future Of Mammal Diversity In São Paulo State?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammals in São Paulo State: diversity, distribution, ecology, and conservation

et al. 2022

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Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control. The state of São Paulo represents only 3% of the Brazilian territory but holds 33% of its mammalian diversity. Most of its territory is dominated by agriculture, pastures, and urban areas which directly affect the diversity and persistence of mammals in the landscape. In addition, São Paulo has the largest port in Latin America and the largest offshore oil reservoir in Brazil, with a 600 km stretch of coastline with several marine mammal species. These human-made infrastructures affect the diversity, distribution, ecology, and the future of mammals in the state. Here, we answer five main questions: 1) What is the diversity of wild mammals in São Paulo state? 2) Where are they? 3) What is their positive and negative impact on human well-being? 4) How do mammals thrive in human-modified landscapes? 5) What is the future of mammals in the state? The state of São Paulo holds 255 species of native mammals, with four endemic species, two of them globally endangered. At least six species (two marsupials, Giant otter, Pampas deer, Brazilian dwarf brocket deer, and Giant armadillo) were extirpated from the state due to hunting and habitat loss. The intense human land use in the state forced many mammalian species to change their diet to cope with the intense fragmentation and agriculture. Large-scale monoculture has facilitated the invasion of exotic species such as wild boars (javali) and the European hare. Several “savanna-dwelling” species are expanding their ranges (Maned wolf, Brocket deer) over deforested areas and probably reflect changes towards a drier climate. Because the state has the largest road system, about 40,000 mammals from 33 species are killed per year in collisions causing an economic loss of 12 million dollars/year. The diversity of mammals is concentrated in the largest forest remnants of Serra do Mar and in the interior of the State, mainly in the regions of Ribeirão Preto and Jundiaí. Sampling gaps are concentrated throughout the interior of the state, particularly in the northwest region. Wild mammals play a fundamental role in many ecosystem services, but they can also be a concern in bringing new emergent diseases to humans. Although the taxonomy of mammals seems to be well known, we show that new species are continuously being discovered in the state. Therefore, continuous surveys using traditional and new technologies (eDNA, iDNA, drones), long-term population monitoring, investigation of the interface of human-wildlife conflict, and understanding of the unique ecosystem role played by mammals are future avenues for promoting sustainable green landscapes allied to human well-being in the state. The planting of forest or savanna corridors, particularly along with major river systems, in the plateau, controlling illegal hunting in the coastal areas, managing fire regimes in the Cerrado, and mitigating roadkill must be prioritized to protect this outstanding mammal diversity.

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Functionality of two canopy bridge designs: successful trials for the endangered black lion tamarin and other arboreal species

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

An effect of canopy bridges on monkey‐vehicle collision hotspots: Spatial and spatiotemporal analyses

An effect of canopy bridges on monkey‐vehicle collision hotspots: Spatial and spatiotemporal analyses

How Many Mammals Are Killed on Brazilian Roads? Assessing Impacts and Conservation Implications

Mammals in São Paulo State: diversity, distribution, ecology, and conservation

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