Functional variability of Bothrops atrox venoms from three distinct areas across the Brazilian Amazon and consequences for human envenomings

Del-Rei, Tiago H. M.; Sousa, Leijiane F.; Rocha, Marisa Maria Teixeira da; Freitas-de-Sousa, Luciana Aparecida; Travaglia-Cardoso, Silvia Regina; Grego, Kathleen Fernandes; Sant’Anna, Sávio Stefanini; Chalkidis, Hipócrates de Menezes; Moura-da-Silva, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.001

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Enzymatic assays revealed significant differences in the phospholipase A2 and serine protease activity of venoms, corroborating the variation of the chromatographic profile observed. These variations may involve changes in the toxicological effects induced by venoms, as previously demonstrated in other studies [6,11].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparative study of biochemical composition and enzymatic activity of <em>Bothrops atrox </em>venom

Patiño

Salazar-Valenzuela

Villamizar

et al. 2019

Proceedings of MOL2NET 2019, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 5th Edition

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In Ecuadorian Amazon, Bothrops atrox is the main snake associated with ophidic accidents. The only approved treatment for snakebite envenomation are antivenoms and their efficiency depends on the reference venom used in their production. It is important to mention that B. atrox is a species with wide geographic distribution, which can generate differences in the composition and phenotype of the venom between its different populations. This variability can be responsible for changes in the toxicological effects of snakebite among populations of the same species. With this in mind, the present study analyzed two venom samples from individuals from two Amazonian areas. Based on the results, differences in the abundance of the main families of toxins and their activities between both venoms were identified.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparative study of biochemical composition and enzymatic activity of <em>Bothrops atrox </em>venom

Patiño

Salazar-Valenzuela

Villamizar

et al. 2019

Proceedings of MOL2NET 2019, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 5th Edition

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“…Our results showed that patients with systemic bleeding presented increased levels of FDP, as well as decreased levels of plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin, when compared to those without bleeding. B. atrox venom could be acting directly on fibrin and fibrinogen resulting in the generation of fibrinolysis products, and indirectly inducing the release of tissue plasminogen activator [6,15,38,39]. Also, the capacity of B. atrox venom to induce factor XIII activation [14], and intravascular thrombin generation [30] can contribute to the formation of intravascular cross-linked fibrin polymer and D-dimer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bleeding Disorders in Bothrops atrox Envenomations in the Brazilian Amazon: Participation of Hemostatic Factors and the Impact of Tissue Factor

Oliveira

Alves

Santos

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Bleeding is a common hemostatic disorder that occurs in Bothrops envenomations. We evaluated the changes in coagulation, fibrinolysis components, and platelets in Bothrops atrox envenomations with bleeding. This is an observational study with B. atrox snakebite patients (n = 100) treated in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Bleeding was recorded on admission and during hospitalization. We found that the platelet count in our patients presented a weak correlation to tissue factor, factor II, and plasminogen. Tissue factor presented weak correlation to factor V, II, D-dimer, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and moderate correlation to fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product (FDP). Patients with systemic bleeding (n = 20) presented low levels of factor V, II, fibrinogen, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin, and high levels of tissue factor and FDP compared to those without bleeding. Patients with only local bleeding (n = 41) and without bleeding showed similar levels of hemostatic factors. Thrombocytopenia was observed mainly in patients with systemic bleeding and increased levels of serum venom. No association was found between venom levels and systemic bleeding, or between venom levels and clinical severity of envenomation. This is the first report that shows the participation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway in the consumption coagulopathy of B. atrox envenomations with systemic bleeding due to tissue factor release.

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“…Each of these toxin families includes a large number of isoforms with variable expression levels [7]. In vipers, venom variability can be observed between different species [8,9] and intraspecifically, it is represented by variation associated with ontogeny [10][11][12], sex [13], geographic distribution [14][15][16], or local adaptation to different environmental conditions [7,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Matters: An Evaluation of the Molecular Basis of Ontogenetic Modifications in the Composition of Bothrops jararacussu Snake Venom

Freitas-de-Sousa

Nachtigall

Portes-Junior

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Ontogenetic changes in venom composition have been described in Bothrops snakes, but only a few studies have attempted to identify the targeted paralogues or the molecular mechanisms involved in modifications of gene expression during ontogeny. In this study, we decoded B. jararacussu venom gland transcripts from six specimens of varying sizes and analyzed the variability in the composition of independent venom proteomes from 19 individuals. We identified 125 distinct putative toxin transcripts, and of these, 73 were detected in venom proteomes and only 10 were involved in the ontogenetic changes. Ontogenetic variability was linearly related to snake size and did not correspond to the maturation of the reproductive stage. Changes in the transcriptome were highly predictive of changes in the venom proteome. The basic myotoxic phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) were the most abundant components in larger snakes, while in venoms from smaller snakes, PIII-class SVMPs were the major components. The snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) identified corresponded to novel sequences and conferred higher pro-coagulant and hemorrhagic functions to the venom of small snakes. The mechanisms modulating venom variability are predominantly related to transcriptional events and may consist of an advantage of higher hematotoxicity and more efficient predatory function in the venom from small snakes.

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Functional variability of Bothrops atrox venoms from three distinct areas across the Brazilian Amazon and consequences for human envenomings

Cited by 27 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative study of biochemical composition and enzymatic activity of <em>Bothrops atrox </em>venom

Comparative study of biochemical composition and enzymatic activity of <em>Bothrops atrox </em>venom

Bleeding Disorders in Bothrops atrox Envenomations in the Brazilian Amazon: Participation of Hemostatic Factors and the Impact of Tissue Factor

Size Matters: An Evaluation of the Molecular Basis of Ontogenetic Modifications in the Composition of Bothrops jararacussu Snake Venom

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