Functional Ultrastructure of the Arachnoid Villus

Alksne, John F.; Lovings, Ethel T.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1972.00490170003002

Cited by 77 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The present histochemical observations are in good agreement with a majority of previous studies on the structure and functions of arachnoid granulations in laboratory animals, describing that the surface of the arachnoid granulations are completely covered by endothelial cell linings [7][8][9]12]. However, some authors have reported that the human arachnoid granulation in their ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study, are only partially covered by endothelial cells and were much more regularly invested with the arachnoid cell layer (mesothelium) [6,13,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

et al. 2002

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Summary: Arachnoid granulation is a protrusion of the arachnoid membrane into the cranial sinus, and is thought to play an essential role in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. Because the cells covering the apex region of the arachnoid granulation have different morphological features compared to the ordinary endothelial cells lining of the cranial sinus lumen, it has been expected these covering endothelial cells perform some specific function in the CSF absorption mechanism. However, little is known about functional differences between the covering endothelium of the arachnoid granulation and the ordinary sinus endothelium. In the present study, the characteristics of the covering cells located at the apex of arachnoid granulations of human, monkey and dog brain were examined by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The endothelial cells lining the cranial sinus lumen generally expressed such proteins as von Willebrand factor (vWF), CD31 and glycoproteins containing GS-1 or LE-1 lectin reacting sugar residue which are endothelial cell markers. However, the endothelial cells specifically located at the apex of arachnoid granulations failed to show vWF immunoreactivity, whereas the other endothelial markers were positive in each species we examined. Double staining of vWF antibody with other markers has clearly demonstrated that the endothelial cells on the apex region of arachnoid granulations exhibit no expression of vWF whereas cells lining the lateral region of arachnoid granulations and the luminal surface of ordinary cranial sinuses showed co-localization of these markers. The structural and histochemical differences between endothelial cells located at the apex region of arachnoid granulations and those of the sinus wall may reflect functional differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These granulations are special bulgings of the inner wall of the cranial sinus, and their surfaces are considered to be covered with a continuous sheet of endothelium [7][8][9]. A number of studies were focused on the mechanisms of CSF drainage across the sinus endothelial covering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

et al. 2002

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“…I). In further experiments utilizing HRP, they again identified an intact endothelial layer over the arachnoid granulations with tight junctions be tween the endothelial cells [1]. The HRP reaction product was found in pinocytotic vesicles in the endothelial lining, suggesting a transendothelial pathway for transport of large CSF molecules.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 89%

Cerebrospinal Fluid Reabsorption

Bell¹

1995

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…However, we should remember that there is no in disputable evidence to prove that 'most' of CSF is absorbed by the arachnoid granulation, although there are numerous observations suggesting that the arachnoid granulations absorb 'some' CSF [1,23,32,34], We should consider the possibility that the vessels on the cerebrum may play an important role in CSF absorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathway in the Normal and Abnormal Human Embryos

Osaka¹,

Handa²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 1980

Pediatr Neurosurg

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The subarachnoid space, the chorioid plexus and the arachnoid villi are microscopically studied in 60 normal human embryos and in 3 abnormal human embryos with rhombencephaloschisis and cervical myeloschisis. The subarachnoid space has been generally considered to be developed by outflow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the choroid-plexus origin from the IVth ventricle. This generally accepted concept does not meet with our findings: (1) cavity formation in the meninx primitiva is seen before appearance of the choroid plexus; (2) the primitive subarachnoid space is developed earlier in the prepontine region than in the area dorsal to the rhombic roof, and (3) the primitive subarachnoid space is formed in the embryos with dysraphism where the perineural subarachnoid space is separated from the ventricles. Apparently the embryonic pattern of CSF circulation should be much different from the generally believed pattern of adult, since the arachnoid villi are absent in the embryos and the ability of production of CSF in the embryonic choroid plexus is questionable. It is suggested that such embryonic pattern of CSF production and absorption may partly persist in adult human being.

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Functional Ultrastructure of the Arachnoid Villus

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Reabsorption

Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathway in the Normal and Abnormal Human Embryos

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