Functional test of the influence of<i>Wolbachia</i>genes on cytoplasmic incompatibility expression in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Yamada, Ryuichi; Iturbe‐Ormaetxe, Iñaki; Brownlie, Jeremy C.; O'Neill, Scott Leslie

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01042.x

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In order to directly compare these two strains in Drosophila melanogaster , we used Wolbachia -infected lines in a genetically identical DrosDel w 1118 isogenic background [39]. w MelCS_b was naturally associated with this background while w Au was introduced from D. simulans to D. melanogaster [28] and subsequently placed in this background by chromosome replacement using balancers. A Wolbachia -free line, designated “ iso ”, was used as a control in all experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Anti-Viral Protection without Immune Upregulation after Interspecies Wolbachia Transfer

et al. 2014

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Wolbachia, endosymbionts that reside naturally in up to 40–70% of all insect species, are some of the most prevalent intracellular bacteria. Both Wolbachia wAu, naturally associated with Drosophila simulans, and wMel, native to Drosophila melanogaster, have been previously described to protect their hosts against viral infections. wMel transferred to D. simulans was also shown to have a strong antiviral effect. Here we directly compare one of the most protective wMel variants and wAu in D. melanogaster in the same host genetic background. We conclude that wAu protects better against viral infections, it grows exponentially and significantly shortens the lifespan of D. melanogaster. However, there is no difference between wMel and wAu in the expression of selected antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, neither the difference in anti-viral effect nor the life-shortening could be attributed to the immune stimulation by exogenous Wolbachia. Overall, we prove that stable transinfection with a highly protective Wolbachia is not necessarily associated with general immune activation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D. melanogaster with w Au from D. simulans Coffes Harbour (CO) was described before [28]. The 1 st and 3 rd chromosome of the D. melanogaster stock with w Au were replaced with DrosDel w 1118 isogenic chromosomes using a first and third double balancer line.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Anti-Viral Protection without Immune Upregulation after Interspecies Wolbachia Transfer

et al. 2014

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“…Expression vectors have been used for transfection and shown to change transcription levels of a host cell cycle regulator, but their tissue distribution is uneven, limiting their use for examining whether a CI-like phenotype can be induced [22]. The best approach may be to transform hosts with target Wolbachia genes and assess whether a CI phenotype can be induced, as has been performed for ankyrin repeat-encoding genes previously [38], although if multiple interacting Wolbachia genes are required to produce the CI phenotype the use of individual genes in this way may not clearly reveal their role. As more Wolbachia genomes are sequenced, further comparison of these genes between different strains will also be useful.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genome analysis of Wolbachia strain wAu

et al. 2014

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BackgroundWolbachia intracellular bacteria can manipulate the reproduction of their arthropod hosts, including inducing sterility between populations known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Certain strains have been identified that are unable to induce or rescue CI, including wAu from Drosophila. Genome sequencing and comparison with CI-inducing related strain wMel was undertaken in order to better understand the molecular basis of the phenotype.ResultsAlthough the genomes were broadly similar, several rearrangements were identified, particularly in the prophage regions. Many orthologous genes contained single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the two strains, but a subset containing major differences that would likely cause inactivation in wAu were identified, including the absence of the wMel ortholog of a gene recently identified as a CI candidate in a proteomic study. The comparative analyses also focused on a family of transcriptional regulator genes implicated in CI in previous work, and revealed numerous differences between the strains, including those that would have major effects on predicted function.ConclusionsThe study provides support for existing candidates and novel genes that may be involved in CI, and provides a basis for further functional studies to examine the molecular basis of the phenotype.

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“…The fly experiments were performed with w 1118 fly lines stably infected with w Mel ( w 1118 w Mel) [31] and w MelPop ( w 1118 w MelPop) [18] compared to the tetracycline-cured lines derived by the addition of tetracycline (0.3 mg/ml) to the adult diet for two generations. Those lines were confirmed to be free of Wolbachia by PCR, using primers specific for the w Mel and w MelPop IS5 repeat [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relative Importance of Innate Immune Priming in Wolbachia-Mediated Dengue Interference

Rancès

Ye²,

Woolfit³

et al. 2012

PLoS Pathog

288

321

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The non-virulent Wolbachia strain wMel and the life-shortening strain wMelPop-CLA, both originally from Drosophila melanogaster, have been stably introduced into the mosquito vector of dengue fever, Aedes aegypti. Each of these Wolbachia strains interferes with viral pathogenicity and/or dissemination in both their natural Drosophila host and in their new mosquito host, and it has been suggested that this virus interference may be due to host immune priming by Wolbachia. In order to identify aspects of the mosquito immune response that might underpin virus interference, we used whole-genome microarrays to analyse the transcriptional response of A. aegypti to the wMel and wMelPop-CLA Wolbachia strains. While wMel affected the transcription of far fewer host genes than wMelPop-CLA, both strains activated the expression of some immune genes including anti-microbial peptides, Toll pathway genes and genes involved in melanization. Because the induction of these immune genes might be associated with the very recent introduction of Wolbachia into the mosquito, we also examined the same Wolbachia strains in their original host D. melanogaster. First we demonstrated that when dengue viruses were injected into D. melanogaster, virus accumulation was significantly reduced in the presence of Wolbachia, just as in A. aegypti. Second, when we carried out transcriptional analyses of the same immune genes up-regulated in the new heterologous mosquito host in response to Wolbachia we found no over-expression of these genes in D. melanogaster, infected with either wMel or wMelPop. These results reinforce the idea that the fundamental mechanism involved in viral interference in Drosophila and Aedes is not dependent on the up-regulation of the immune effectors examined, although it cannot be excluded that immune priming in the heterologous mosquito host might enhance the virus interference trait.

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Functional test of the influence ofWolbachiagenes on cytoplasmic incompatibility expression inDrosophila melanogaster

Cited by 43 publications

References 75 publications

High Anti-Viral Protection without Immune Upregulation after Interspecies Wolbachia Transfer

High Anti-Viral Protection without Immune Upregulation after Interspecies Wolbachia Transfer

Comparative genome analysis of Wolbachia strain wAu

The Relative Importance of Innate Immune Priming in Wolbachia-Mediated Dengue Interference

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