Functional, structural, and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) in insects

Abstract

Cytochrome b (Cytb, EC 1.10. 2.2) is the only cytochrome coded by mitochondrial DNA and involved in electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In this study, characterization of cytb protein was identified on fifty-four insect protein sequences, from different orders. According to the conserved motifs obtained with MEME and MAST tools, eight motifs were common to all insects. The structural and functional analyses of 16 selected insects from different orders were performed with ProtParam, Compute PI, SOPMA, SignalP 4.1, TMHMM 2.0, ProtScale and ProDom tools in the ExPASy database and DNASTAR 12.1 software. The tertiary structure of Drosophila melanogaster as a sample of insects was predicted by the Phyre2 and TM-score servers and their similarities were verified by SuperPose servers. The tertiary structures were predicted using the 'd1ppjc2' model (PDB accession code: 1ppj C). A phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA 6.06 software using the neighbour-joining method. According to the results, there is a high identity of cytb in different insects so that they should be derived from a common ancestor. In protein-protein interaction analysis with STRING 10.0, twenty-three enriched pathways of KEGG were identified in D. melanogaster and other species. The obtained data provided a background for bioinformatic studies of the function and evolution of other insects and organisms.

Transcriptome Analysis of Bovine Rumen Tissue in Three Developmental Stages

“…COX1 , COX2 , and COX3 are three subunits of cytochrome c oxidase that may play an important role in the production of vast majority of ATP molecules in mammalian cells ( Čunátová et al, 2020 ). CYTB is involved in electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain ( Seddigh and Darabi 2018 ). ATP6 has transmembrane transport activity of hydrogen ions ( Li et al, 2016 ).…”

Screening of avian pathogens and genetic analysis of several mitochondrial genes in Dermanyssus gallinae populations in Türkiye</p >

“…Moreover, the genetic variation was higher (1.7%) when Turkish PRM sequences were compared to cytb sequence of a Chinese PRM population, suggesting the increasing variation by distance which is an important feature of a marker. The sequence of the cytb gene is frequently used in vertebrates and arthropod studies to define phylogenetic relationships because of the high evaluation rate (Seddigh & Darabi 2018;Dong et al 2021). Significant intraspecific variation within mesostigmatic mites, phytoseiid species, was reported.…”

Molecular variation of the cytochrome b DNA and protein sequences in Phytoseiulus macropilis and P. persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) reflect population differentiation

“…Figures 2 and 3 show the structural modification of the Cytb protein between the wild type (São Paulo populations) and mutant types (south populations). may affect a molecule's functional activity (Seddigh and Darabi 2018;Geng et al 2019). There is no literature on Cytb modification stability in arthropods.…”